پيكرك‌هاي گلي انساني نو‌يافته استان هرمزگان، حوزه فرهنگي بلوچستان، جنوب‌شرق ايران

The new Founds of Human Terracotta from Hormozgan Province Cultural Zone of Baluchistan, Southeast Iran

مجموعه پيكرك‌هاي مورد مطالعه در اين پژوهش، مبتني بر يك پيكرك از يافته‌هاي كاوش فصل‌سوم تُم‌مارون و 4 پيكرك موجود در مخزن موزه بندر‌عباس كه از بَشاگرد (محلي بشگرد)، شهرستان جاسك، شمال‌شرقي استان هرمزگان در جنوب‌شرق ايران است. اين مجموعه نو‌يافته، در نوع خود جديد و تا‌كنون از ايران چنين نمونه‌هايي كه معرف فرهنگ بلوچستان است، گزارش نشده است. پيكرك‌هاي مورد مطالعه نشان از ساخت آثار حجمي گلي آرايش‌شده انساني است كه از نظر ويژگي‌هاي بصري و زيبايي‌شناسي مي‌توان كاركرد آييني- اجتماعي براي آنها پيشنهاد نمود. اين پژوهش، با طرح پرسش‌هاي مختلف برآن است گسترش و ريشه احتمالي فرهنگ بلوچستان و سند به‌ويژه هنر پيكرك‌سازي را در حوزه فرهنگي جنوب‌شرق ايران به‌ويژه در استان هرمزگان مشخص نمايد. از‌اين‌رو مهم‌ترين اهداف اين پژوهش، شناخت ريشه جايگاه هنر پيكره‌سازي، كاربرد، مقايسه و گسترش آن در حوره فرهنگي بلوچستان است. مهم‌ترين پرسش اين پژوهش، چگونگي شناخت هنر پيكرك‌سازي و گسترش اين هنر در حوزه فرهنگي بلوچستان و فرهنگ و تمدن سند و همچنين كاربري و تاريخ‌گذاري اين مجموعه است. در اين پژوهش با روش تحقيق توصيفي-تحليلي، مجموعه مورد بررسي قرار مي‌گيرد. مهم ترين نتيجه اين پژوهش، پيشنهاد جنوب شرق ايران به‌عنوان منطقه جديدي در مطالعات هنري-باستان‌شناسي در مطالعات حوزه فرهنگي هند‌وايراني (بلوچستان) به ويژه الهه‌هاي مادر محلي در فرهنگ بلوچستان است.

In every part of ancient Iran, human terracotta figurines are an integral part of the local culture. They play an important part in ancient Iranian religious practices, and there are many examples of figurines being offered to deities. In addition to their ubiquity, they have a very ancient history. The first figurines ever found in this part of the world are from the first occupation of the several sites, dated to 9000 B.C. In a collection as diverse as this, typology is an important part of the study. The 5 figurines represent a period of 5,000 years and come from 2 specific sites, and a location within Hormozgan provinces. They need to be divided into groups and are typically based on shape, decoration. The typology for this paper is based on common characteristics and similarity with published figurines. In comparative analogy, two objects are compared and conclusions about one are drawn based on similarities with the other. The human terracotta in the collection were found at Tolle Maroun site, from third Excavations session , and four figurines Ethnographical Bandar Abbas Museum’s collection, Southeast Iran. This paper will study and analyze a collection of new human terracotta in the Bandar Abbas Museum. The human terracotta are an integral part of the local culture. They play an important role of ancient Baluchistan religious practices. This detailed introduction to the human terracotta figurines that form this collection consists of some parts. The first part consists of a review of literature. The second part of this paper defines the typology of the thesis collection and detailed introduction to the human terracotta figurines that form this collection the third and final part provides a detailed description of various aspects of the figurines, including height, sex, completion and leg division. The typology for this paper is based on common characteristics and similarity with published figurines. The mains Questions in this research are, what is the function of these figurines? What is the meaning of these figurines? What is their chronology? This purpose of this research is to review the literature on Baluchistan Culture human figurines, and to analyze and interpret this new collection of figurines that has not so far been published. The research of methodology based, analysis includes a description of the characteristics of the figurines, and interpretations of their functions and meanings. 4 of 5of the figurines in the research collection are identical to figurines from the Indus Valley Civilization, Baluchistan culture. The idea of the Mother Goddess is widespread and entrenched, and therefore must be acknowledged. What were the figurines of the thesis collection used for and what did they mean to their users? It is possible they had. Religious functions and meanings the discussion of religious figurines contains descriptions of figurines embedded in a lengthy account of the Mother Goddess religion. And the concept of the Mother Goddess is very widespread, appearing in Europe, the Near East and South Asia.