تدوين الگوريتم ادعاهاي حقوقي- قراردادي و ارزيابي فراواني و شدت تاثير آنها در پروژه هاي طرح و ساخت غيرصنعتي كشور

Developing Algorithms of Legal-Contractual Claims and Study of the Occurrence Rate and Severity of Impact on Non-Industrial DB Projects of Iran

ادعاها در حال تبديل شدن به يكي از بخش هاي جدانشدني در قراردادها هستند، كه با شناسايي اين ادعاها مي توان تا حد زيادي از وقوع آن ها در پروژه جلوگيري كرد. در همين راستا، در اين مطالعه با استفاده از مطالعات كتابخانه‌يي و مصاحبه‌ي نيمه ساختار يافته با خبرگان مرتبط و بررسي اسناد مربوط به ادعاهاي پروژه هاي طرح و ساخت غير صنعتي، داده هاي كيفي و كمّي مربوط جمع آوري شده‌اند؛ سپس با استفاده از روش تحليل محتوا، الگوريتم ادعاهاي حقوقي- قراردادي تدوين و براساس آن، پرسش‌نامه‌ي بسته شامل: بررسي فراواني و شدت تاثير انواع ادعاهاي پروژه هاي طرح و ساخت غيرصنعتي در 12رديف، 4 بخش و در قالب 2 گروه تهيه و توزيع شده است، و نتايج حاصل از آن مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفته است. از برخي يافته هاي مهم اين مطالعه، ارايه‌ي طبقه بندي ادعاهاي پروژه هاي طرح و ساخت غيرصنعتي كشور از منظر: درجه‌ي ابهام و شفافيت، تدوين نمودار درجه‌ي شفافيت، فراواني وقوع، و شدت تاثير براي آن هاست.

Claims are becoming more popular as a way to survive and, indeed, an integral part of modern contracts, i.e. for non-industrial design and building contracts. It should be considered that although the probability of claim incidences cannot be eliminated in any project, their occurrence in special projects with any contract can be prevented by identifying them. As most claims are propounded by contractors, the authors of this research found 250 cases of claims in projects in Iran offered by design and building contractors (including the contractor and their advisor) in non-industrial design and building contracts. They were discovered through studying diverse references and interviewing experts, and studying documents related to real claims of several projects implemented in non-industrial design and building methods in Iran. In this process, at first, the occurrence of the Algorithm of Legal-Contractual claims was codified by content analysis, and then a closed questionnaire, including the frequency of occurrence and severity of different kinds of legal-contractual claim in non-industrial design and building contracts, was distributed among experts in the field, and the results were accurately analyzed by the authors. These questionnaires aimed to study the frequency of occurrence and severity of claims, and, based on the rate of transparency of existing claims in non-industrial design and building contracts, were categorized in 12 rows, 4 parts, and 2 groups of legal–contractual claims. Understanding and cognizance of these claims can be useful in predicting future claims and in minimizing their effects on similar future non industrial design and building projects. Offering a categorization of claims of non-industrial design and building projects in Iran, from the perspective of the degree of ambiguity and transparency, and codification of the chart of rate of transparency, frequency of occurrence and severity of claim, is a key finding of this research