بررسي فقهي تنبيه بدني زوجه

Jurisprudential examination Of wife corporal punishment

واژه «ضرب» داراي معاني حقيقي و مجازي است. در قرآن و روايات و به تبع آن در متون فقهي، مسيله «ضرب زوجه» به‌عنوان يكي از ابزارهاي تنبيه زن ناشزه كه وظايف شرعي و عرفي خود را انجام نمي‌دهد، مطرح شده است. سوال آنست كه آيا از معناي حقيقي «ضرب» به‌معناي «زدن و تنبيه بدني» كه نظر مشهور فقهاست، استفاده كنيم يا از يكي از معاني مجازي آن يعني «اعراض»؟ بر اساس روش اجتهادي، بيان ادله احكام، كتب لغت، اقوال و ادله فقها به تفصيل و ارايه قراين و شواهد فراوان، مراد از «ضرب» در آيه «واضربوهنَّ» (نسا : 34) همان معناي حقيقي آن يعني «تنبيه بدني» است و شبهات واردشده بر لوازم اين نظريه كه سبب قايل شدن به معناي مجازي «اعراض» از طرف برخي از محققان شده است، برطرف مي‌شود. مرحله نهايي بودن استفاده از اين ابزار، اقرار روانشناسان به كارآمدي آن در برخي موارد، عدم وجوب فقهي ضرب (تنبيه بدني) از طرف شوهر و حتي استحباب عفو و گذشت او و همچنين جواز استفاده از ساير ابزارهاي عقلايي توصيه‌شده از طرف روانشناسان و جامعه‌شناسان، همگي نشان‌دهنده آنست كه شارع مقدس به همه امور در تجويز ابزار «ضرب» به‌ معناي حقيقي آن احاطه داشته است و به برداشت خلاف مشهور در اين باب نيازي نيست.

The word "beating" (dharb) has several meanings that some of which are figurative and some are real. Whereas the husband is allowed to beat his shrew wife according to the Quran and traditions in addition to the jurisprudential decrees as one of the (allowed) punishments in facing such wives; the question is if God intended the corporal by punishment "beating" according to which the most of the jurists tended to it, or He intended the figurative meaning which is ‘avoiding’? Based on practicing religious jurisprudence method in addition to some testimonies and witnesses, it is proved that God intended the real meaning of "beating" word in the verse of "beating the shrew wives". So, the doubts propounded in this field should not be heeded. Of course, it should be regarded that the corporal punishment is considered to be selected in the final stage in facing the shrew wife as a non-obligatory alternative however, it is recommended to the husband to forgive his shrew wife. Furthermore, possibility of using another logical approach which psychologists and sociologists recommend all show that the Holly lawgiver regards to real meaning of mentioned instruments and there is no need in this field to understanding contrary to the popularity.