بهينه‌سازي برنامه‌ي زماني روزانه‌ي نيروگاه‌ تلمبه‌ي ذخيره‌‌يي سياه‌بيشه با استفاده از مدل‌سازي مسيله در قالب الگوريتم ژنتيك

Optimization of Siah Bishe Pumped Storage Power Plant Daily Schedule using a Genetic Algorithm Modeling Framework

استفاده از نيروگاه‌هاي تلمبه‌ي ذخيره‌‌يي به عنوان يكي از راه‌هاي تعديل ميزان اختلاف در عرضه و تقاضاي انرژي برق، بسيار موثر است. ظرفيت بالاي ذخيره‌ي انرژي، واكنش سريع در برابر نوسانات شبكه‌ي برق، ذخيره‌ي طولاني‌مدت انرژي و ... از مزاياي اين سيستم است. هدف اين پژوهش، بهينه‌سازي برنامه‌ي بهره‌برداري روزانه‌ي يك نيروگاه تلمبه‌ي ذخيره‌يي است. براي دستيابي به اين برنامه‌ي بهينه، كمينه‌سازي ميزان اختلاف در عرضه و تقاضاي انرژي برق شبكه هدف اين مسيله قرار گرفته است. براي حل مسيله‌ي بهينه‌سازي از الگوريتم ژنتيك با كدنويسي دودويي استفاده شده است. نيروگاه تلمبه‌ي ذخيره‌يي سياه‌بيشه به عنوان مطالعه‌ي موردي اين مسيله در نظر گرفته شده و درنهايت، پاسخ‌هاي اين مسيله به صورت برنامه‌ي بهره‌برداري از نيروگاه در 24 ساعت شبانه‌روز به‌دست آمده است.

Energy storage is an issue that scientists have been researching for many years. There are several energy storage alternatives, among which the pumped storage system, battery storage, superconducting magnets, flywheels, and compressed air are the most popular. Based on former research, pumped storage is the best method for energy storage. The pumped storage plant is an effective method to balance the difference value between electricity demand and production, which has greatly expanded. The advantages of this system include a considerable capacity to store energy, a short-term response to power network fluctuations, long-term energy storage and etc. Although there are many pumped storage plants under service, a comprehensive research have yet to be undertaken. The purpose of this research is optimization of daily planning, based on available data of an existing pumped storage plant. To achieve this aim, minimization of the difference value between energy production and demand has been determined. A genetic algorithm was used for optimization. The genetic algorithm is a meta-heuristic algorithm. It is inspired by the genetic evolution of living creatures. This algorithm was used according to binary coding. The Siah Bishe pumped storage plant in Iran was the research case study. This plant includes two non-leveled reservoirs that are connected by two water tunnels. The difference level of the reservoirs is approximately 500 meters. Two reversible pump-turbine units are applied in each tunnel, and all four pump-turbines have the same specifications. There are three constraints for this problem: 1) the maximum and minimum water volume of upper and lower reservoirs, 2) the maximum and minimum water flow of the pump-turbine unit and 3) the stationary of exploitation. Based on the international electricity consumption pattern, it is assumed that energy consumption is constant during one hour, while it may change each individual hour. Finally, the solution is estimation of the flow rate into the tunnels over 24 hours.