بازپژوهي ادله عدم جواز دخول خيار شرط در ايقاعات

The Reinvestigation of the Evidences of the Lawlessness of Inclusion of Khiyar al-Shart or Stipulated Option in Unilateral (One Sided) Contracts

بسياري از فقها به عدم جواز جريان خيار شرط در ايقاعات معتقدند و در اثبات مقصود خود به وجوهي استدلال مي‌كنند كه تمامي آن‌ها قابل خدشه‌اند. عمده دليل اين دسته، اجماع بوده كه ثبوت و تعميم آن به تمام ايقاعات محل ترديد است. لذا اين ادله نمي‌توانند مانع از تاثير اقتضاي عموم ادله شروط، جواز آنچه فاقد منع شرعي و عقلي است، اصاله الاباحه، اصاله الصحه و حاكميت اصل آزادي اراده كه جواز دخول شرط خيار در ايقاعات است، در برخي از ايقاعات باشند، از اين رو، قابليت آن‌ها براي انحلال عقلاً و عرفاً و شرعاً ثابت است. البته در برخي از ايقاعات به سبب وجود مانع، خيار شرط جاري نيست. بنابراين كليت قضيه جريان خيار شرط در ايقاعات، نه از جهت ثبوت و نه از جهت عدم آن صحيح نيست؛ بلكه معيار در مسيله، سازگاري حقيقت ايقاع و آثار آن با جريان خيار شرط در آن مي‌باشد.

Many of Islamic jurists (fuqah?’) think the lack of lawfulness in the process of khiyar al-shart or stipulated option in unilateral contracts and for proving this, they have established aspects which all of them contain blemish (weaknesses). Their most important reason is ijmae (consensus) which proving and extending it to all unilateral contracts faces doubt. Therefore, these reasons cannot prevent the impact of the general exigency of stipulated option; the lawfulness of what it is not prohibited by the intellect and Islamic law. The principle of ibaha (permissibility), the principle of validity of contracts (the presumption of law is that all contracts are valid unless proved otherwise) and autonomy which are the lawfulness (authorization) of inclusion Khiyar al-Shart or Stipulated Option in Unilateral (One Sided) Contracts. Therefore, it is proved to leave these reasons rationally, conventionally and Islamic jurisprudence law (Islamic religious beliefs). Of course, khiyar al-shart or stipulated option does not proceed in some unilateral contracts because of the obstacles. Therefore, neither from the point of proving or absence of it, the universality of the process of khiyar al-shart or stipulated option in unilateral contracts is not valid (true). But the criterion in this issue is the harmony of the reality of unilateral contracts and its effects with the process of khiyar al-shart on it. Keywords: Khiyar al-shart or stipulated option, Unilateral contracts, The generality of stipulated evidences, The legality of avoidance.