بررسي آثار و احكام طلاق رجعي با در نظر گرفتن وضعيت حقوقي مطلقه رجعيه

Studying the Effects and the Ordinances of the Revocable Divorce (Raj’i) with Considering the Legal Status of the Divorced Woman

پس از وقوع طلاق رجعي تا زماني كه شوهر حق رجوع به زن را دارد، زن و شوهر از لحاظ حقوقي در وضعيت حقوقي خاصي قرار دارند. از سويي طلاق واقع شده است، ليكن به نظر مي‌رسد كه اين طلاق تاثيري در روابط زوجين ندارد و زن و شوهر همچنان نسبت به يكديگر حقوق و تكاليفي دارند. از سوي ديگر، اگر مرد از حق رجوع خود استفاده نكند و مدت آن تمام شود، طلاق تاثير خود را گذاشته و موجب جدايي آن‌ها از يكديگر مي‌شود. در شرع مقدس اسلام و به تبع آن در حقوق موضوعه ايران، در مدتي كه مرد حق رجوع دارد، براي وي و مطلقه رجعيه حقوق و تكاليفي تعيين گرديده است. وجود اين حقوق و تكاليف تا حدي است كه برخي نظر بر اين داده‌اند كه مطلقه رجعيه زوجه محسوب مي‌شود و هيچ تفاوتي با زوجه ندارد و لذا تمام آثار و احكام زوجه بر وي نيز بار مي‌شود. برخي نيز وي را در حكم زوجه مي‌دانند و تنها برخي از حقوق و تكاليف زوجه را بر وي نيز جاري و ساري مي‌دانند. هر يك از اين نظرات داراي آثار خاص خود بر مطلقه رجعيه مي‌باشد. مآلاً پس از مطالعه و تحقيق و تامل در نظرات و ادله و مستندات هر دو گروه و با توجه به ايرادهايي كه بر هر نظر وارد است به نظر مي‌رسد به رغم اينكه در قانون ايران، با عنايت به ماده 1120 قانون مدني، بند 2 ماده 8 قانون امور حسبي و ماده 38 قانون حمايت از خانواده مصوب 1392، مقنن ديدگاه زوجيت حكمي مطلقه رجعيه را پذيرفته است، ليكن زوجه حقيقي بودن مطلقه رجعيه هم از لحاظ آثار و هم از لحاظ فلسفه چنين حكمي از نظر شارع مقدس ـ‌كه همانا منسجم ماندن و عدم انحلال نظام خانواده است‌ـ هم به واقعيت و هم به مصلحت نزديك‌تر مي‌باشد.

After the revocable divorce (raj’i), until the husband has the right to take back the wife, the woman and man have a special legal status from the legal point. From one side, the divorce has established but it seems that this divorce has no effect in the relationship between husband and wife and both have rights and duties toward each other. From the other side, if man does not use his right to take back the wife and the period of it comes to end, the divorce has put its impact and results separation. In Islamic holy law and consequently in the positive law of Iran, during this time which man can take back to his wife, man and woman have rights and duties toward each other. Because of these duties and rights, some Islamic jurists think that the divorced woman is considered as the wife for the man and there are no differences between the divorced woman and wife. Therefore, all effects and ordinances related to the wife are for her. Some other jurists believe that she is his wife but some rights and duties of wife extend to her. Each of these attitudes has its special consequences for the divorced woman. After studying, investigating and thinking and with regarding faults for each ideas, in spite of being accepted by the law of Iran and with paying attention to articles 1120, Article 8, clause 2 of the non-litigious jurisdiction act and Article 38 of Iran’s Family Protection Law codified 1392, it seems that the legislator has accepted the attitude of the divorced woman being the real wife based on ruling. But the divorced woman being the real wife is close to reality and expediency in both effects and the reasoning of such ordinance from the view of the holy law giver which are the coherence and disruption family system. Keywords: The religious ordinances, Effects, Legal status, The divorced woman who the man can take back to, The real wife, Wife based on ruling.