لوگوس و حركت در فلسفه هراكليتوس

Logos and Motion in Heraclitus

هراكليتوس غالباً بعنوان فيلسوفي شناخته ميشود كه قايل به حركت و صيرورت در تمامي اشيا است. او قايل به نوعي نبرد و كشمكش ميان «اضداد» ميباشد كه مآلاً به وحدت ميان آنها مي‌انجامد. اما در مكتب او اصول ثابتي هست كه كمتر به آن توجه ميشود، مهمترين اين اصول، لوگوس است كه تعابير ديگري ـ مانند آتش، خدا(تيوس) و غيره ـ نيز براي آن بكار ميرود. لوگوس بنظر هراكليتوس قانوني ثابت و الهي است كه ميان همه اشيا هماهنگي برقرار ميكند و بعقيده او «حكيم» كسي است كه كلام لوگوس را بشنود و مطابق آن رفتار كند. بر همين اساس است كه ميتوان گفت كه علاوه بر سيلان اشيا اين عالم، هراكليتوس در فلسفه خود به وحدت و ثبات نيز معتقد ميباشد.

Heraclitus is usually recognized as a philosopher who believes in the motion and becoming of all things. He also maintains that there is a kind of conflict among opposites, which finally leads to their unity. However, not much attention is paid to the fixed principles that exist in his philosophy. The most important of all of them is logos, which is also referred to by some other terms such as fire, God (theos), etc. Logos is a fixed divine principle which establishes harmony among all things, and a philosopher is an individual who hears the words of logos and acts accordingly. Therefore, it can be said that, in addition to the becoming of worldly things, Heraclitus also speaks of unity and consistency in his philosophy.