بتريه و انديشه تقصير

The Butrīyya and the Taqṣīr View

جريان اهل تقصير بر گروهي از شيعه كه در نيمه سده دوم و در كوفه فعاليت مي‌كردند و با پيش‌آمدنِ شرايط اجتماعي و سياسي از رجوع كامل به امام خودداري كردند اطلاق مي‌شود. آنان كه برخي اصحاب امام باقر و امام صادق8 نيز بودند، نگرشي متفاوت به مسئله امامت داشتند و به‌عنوان عقب‌ماندگان اعتقادي شيعه، قدرت امام برعلوم سماوي و عصمت امام را انكار مي‌كردند. آنان پس از ظهور زيديه با گرايش به اين ائتلاف، با پذيرش نظريه امامت مفضول، در برخي از عقائد با آنان همسو شدند و بُتريه را كه يكي از بزرگ‌ترين جريان‌هاي تقصير است تشكيل دادند. در بررسي احاديث و روايت‌هاي بتريه و مُقصره و مقايسه بين آن دو، به نظر نمي‌رسد همه شخصيت‌هاي بُتريه از منظر احاديث داراي گرايش‌هاي همگون بوده و يك حلقۀ نظام‌مند مرتبط با انديشۀ تَقصير را تشكيل داده باشند؛ چون در ميان بتريه افرادي مورد لعن امام قرار گرفته‌اند و تنها گروهي از ديد امام توانايي شناخت و هدايت داشته‌اند.

A group of Shi’as who were active in Kūfa in the middle of the second century (8th century) is called the people of Taqṣīr. They generally refrained from complete reliance on the Imams as a result of social and political conditions. They, some of whom were companions of Imam alBāqir and Imam alṢādiq, had a special view about Imami issues. People of Taqṣīr are considered to be lagging in their beliefs among Shi’as, because they denied Imam’s knowledge about heavenly sciences and their infallibility. After Zaydīyya’s advert, they leaned towards them by accepting some of their beliefs, such as the theory of the leadership or imamate of inferior (or people of lower status). They formed one the biggest branches of Taqṣīr called Butrīyya. Investigating the traditions and hadiths about Butrīyya and the people of Taqṣīr and their comparison shows that not all the figures of Butrīyya had the same attitude, forming a systematic relation with the Taqṣīr thought. It is because there were some individuals among Butrīyya who were cursed by the Imams and some others who were considered by the Imams to be able to know the truth and be guided.