مناسبت ميان اسماء الهي و آسمان‌ها در طريقت قبّالا و سنّت اسلامي

Relationship between the Divine Names and the Heavens in the Kabbalistic Doctrine and Islamic Tradition

در طريقت عرفاني قبّالاي يهودي، بررسي ملكوت آسمان ها، كاركرد فرشتگان گماشته در هر يك از آسمان ها و رابطه ميان اسماء الهي موسوم به سفيروت و هر كدام از آسمان ها نقش مهمّي ايفاء مي كند. از نظر عارفان قبالا، قلمرو تجلّي وجود، بر چهار بخش اصلي تقسيم مي شود: اسماء الهي، عرش، آسمان ها و عالم ماده. عالم نخست يا عالم اّصيلوت، قلمرو ده اسم اصلي خداوند است كه سه اسم نخست آن ها، به نحو خاصّ، در مرتبه عرش يا عالم بِريئا ظهور مي يابند و هفت اسم ديگر در هفت آسمان برين، ضمن آن كه عالم عسيّا يا جهان مادي، مجلاي ظهور همه اسماء الهي است. بنابراين، شناخت آسمان ها، در گرو معرفت نظام اسماء و صفات الهي و تقدّم و تأخّر آن ها و مسبوق به شناخت فرشتگان كرام مي باشد. اين مقاله مي كوشد، پس از معرّفي نظام اسماء يا سفيروت كه آموزه كليدي قبالاست، به بررسي مراتب آسمان ها از نظر اهل قبالا و متون كهن آن ها از جمله سفر زوهر و سفر يصيرا بپردازد و درجهت ايضاح و تكميل مطلب، از روايات موجود در سنّت اسلامي و يافته ها و گفته هاي عارفان مسلمان نيز بهره گيرد.

It can safely be said that, realizing divine names and theiracknowledgment in hierarchy of existence,forms the basis of mysticism. Turning away from this notion means putting aside mysticism as a whole.It is within this degree of conduct that the mystical seekerexceeds the level of certain states and positions and reaches the level of cognition. Likewise, the topic of the relationship between divine names and different levels of existence is one of the basic issues of Kabbalisticmysticism.This is quite similar to the topics discussed in its counterpart in Islamic mysticism.In Kabbalistic Jewish mystical way, discussions about the kingdom of heaven,the functions of each angel assigned to different tasks in every heaven and the relationship between divine names known as quot Sephirotquot and each of the heavens, play significant parts inthe issue. From the perspective of Kabbalistic mystics, the realm of emanation of existence is divided into four main sections: Names of God, the Throne, the Heavens and the world of matter.The first Kabbalistic world also known as Asilut, includes the main ten names of God, among which the first three emanate particularly at the level of throne or as it is called Beriyah, and the other seven names emanate in the seven heavens, meanwhile the world of matter or Asiyah is the place devoted to the manifestation of all divine names. As it is indicated in various parts of this study, similar issues can be traced in Islamic mystical literature. Accordingly, the present article consists of three parts: In the first part, referring to the two main Kabbalistic sources, i.e. SeferYetzirah and Sefer Zohar, the ten main names of God have been introduced without which the understanding of Kabbalah is impossible. The second part is devoted to elaborating on the level of the throne and describing its conveyers and clarifying which divine name is relevant to which of these mysterious elements. In the third part, the seven angels have been described and their corresponding divine names have been introduced.Here, we have also tried to indicate that according to Islamic texts, how various angels and the seven heavensare connected with different stars and are the manifestations of which divine names. The fourth part concerns with other levels of the heaven. Also included in this part, the comparative study of the fifteenlevel Planetariums and their residents inIslamic and Jewish mysticisms.This leads to the disclosure of the fact that which level is the emanation of which divine name.