پديد آورندگان :
شهبازی، محمدرضا نويسنده Department of Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahbazi, Mohammad Reza , فروغان، مهشید نويسنده Iranian Research Center on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Foroughan, Mahshid , سلمان روغني، رضا نويسنده , , رهگذر، مهدی نويسنده Department of Statistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Rahgozar, Mehdi
كليدواژه :
Cognition , depression , disability , morale , older adults , افسردگي , سازمان بهداشت جهاني , World Health Organization
چكيده لاتين :
Objectives This study aimed to assess disability and its relationship with depression, cognitive status, and morale in older people.
Methods & Materials This descriptive-analytic research was conducted in a day-care rehabilitation center of Kahrizak charity foundation. A total of 90 older adults were selected by total enumeration sampling method. For the evaluation of study participants, we used The World Health Organization Disability Assessment 2.0 (WHODAS II) (36 items). This questionnaire examines the person’s disability in 6 domains of cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and social participation. The depression status was determined by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), cognitive status by Abbreviated Mental test (AMT), and morale of older people by Lawton’s Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. The Chisquare test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and the Spearman correlation coefficient were carried out to analyze the data in SPSS version 16.
Results About 34% (n=31) of the participants were male and 65.6% (n=59) were females. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 72.39 (6.75) years. There were significant differences between men and women with regard to age, marital status (P<0.001), and income. The number of single women was 15 times more than that of the single men, and the men’s income was 2 times more than the women’s income. The mean (SD) score of older adults’ disability was 20.61 (13.66) indicating a significant difference between men and women (P=0.001). The women’s mean disability score was higher than that of men. With regard to 6 domains of disability, the highest disability was seen in domains of mobility, life activities, and participation. There were also significant differences between men and women with regard to the mean disability scores of mobility (P=0.001), life activities (P=0.001), and participation (P=0.005), i.e., the mean disability scores of women were higher than those of men. However, there were no differences between men and women with regard to domains of getting along, cognition, and self-care. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between various educational groups with regard to
mean scores of disabilities. There were significant associations between disability scores and depression (P<0.001), cognitive status (P<0.001), and morale of older people (P<0.001). This association was direct in depression and reverse in cognitive status, and morale, i.e., with an increase in depression scores and a decrease in cognitive status and morale, the disability of older people increases. There were significant and reverse associations between disability and 3 subscales of spirit of agitation (P<0.001), attitudes to aging (P<0.001), and dissatisfaction with loneliness (P<0.001).
Conclusion Disability in older people had a significant relationship with their depression, cognitive status, and morale. Thus, the degree of their disability can be lowered by prevention and early treatment of depression, promotion of memory, delaying cognitive disorders, as well as providing morale enhancement programs, creating a positive attitude toward old age, and increasing life satisfaction in older people.
