مكان‌يابي و تخصيص بنادر مسافري در استان مازندران با تلفيق مدل «پوشش مجموعه» و روش «تاپسيس فازي»

Location and Allocation of Passenger Ports in Mazandaran Province with Combination of Set Covering Method and the Fuzzy TOPSIS Method

بنادر، به‌عنوان مهم‌ترين زيرساخت حمل و نقل دريايي مسافران، در توسعه‌ي اين صنعت نقش ويژه‌يي دارند. نقش‌آفريني معيارهاي متعدد كيفي و كمي در جايابي بنادر مسافري و نيز هزينه‌هاي بالاي احداث اين بنادر، ضرورت طراحي يك چارچوب تصميم‌گيري مطمين براي شبكه‌ي بنادر مسافري را مشخص مي‌سازد. در نوشتار حاضر مسيله‌ي مكان‌يابي و تخصيص بنادر مسافري در دو مرحله به انجام مي‌رسد. در همين راستا، رويكردي مبتني بر روش تاپسيس فازي، مدل پوشش مجموعه و نيز مدل پوشش مطلوبيت ارايه مي‌شود. شناسايي معيارهاي مهم در جايابي بنادر مسافري، محاسبه‌ي مطلوبيت نقاط كانديد، محاسبه‌ي تعداد بنادر مورد نياز براي پوشش تقاضاي كل و انتخاب نقاط كانديد، گام‌هاي اصلي رويكرد پيشنهادي هستند. از رويكرد پيشنهادي در اين مطالعه، براي طراحي شبكه‌ي بنادر مسافري استان مازندران ــ به‌عنوان يكي از استان‌هاي مهم ساحلي كشور ــ استفاده شده و براساس نتايج حاصل از مدل فوق مكان‌هاي رامسر، فريدون‌كنار و بابلسر براي احداث بندر با كاربرد داخلي، و مكان‌هاي نوشهر و بهشهر براي احداث بندر با كاربرد بين‌المللي انتخاب شدند. نتايج حاصله با تحليل حساسيت روي دو پارامتر شعاع پوشش و حداكثر بودجه مورد ارزيابي قرار مي‌گيرد.

Iran has a huge potential in maritime passenger transport while possessing 5780 km water coast, including islands, rivers, and water basins. Development of maritime passenger transport will certainly trigger tourism industry. Ports, as the most important infrastructures in maritime passenger transportation, play a pivotal role in development of this industry. A variety of qualitative and quantitative criteria in passenger port location as well as exorbitant establishment costs necessitate a reliable decision-making framework for the design of passenger port networks. This paper presents a new approach for the design of passenger port networks based on Fuzzy TOPSIS method, set covering model, and utility covering model. Identification of major criteria in passenger port location, calculation of candidate points’ utility, calculation of the number of ports needed to satisfy total demands, and selection of superior points are the main steps of the proposed approach. The proposed approach has been used for the design of passenger port network in Mazandaran province –an important coastal province in Iran- and the results are presented in this paper. In the first step of the proposed approach, 14 candidate points in the coastal cities of Mazandaran Province were rated by the use of TOPSIS model according to 18 criteria. Since the ports should cover the total demand, the set covering model was mixed with fuzzy TOPSIS model to find suitable locations that maximize utility function. Finally, each demand point was assigned to a selected port. Based on the results, Ramsar, Fereydunkenar, and Babolsar are selected as “Domestic Ports”. In addition, Noushahr and Behshar sites are selected as “International Ports”. The results of this research have been evaluated through conducting a sensitive analysis on coverage radius and the maximum available budget. The proposed decision-making framework could be used in other Iranian coastal provinces to design maritime passenger networks.