انتخاب تامين‌كننده با استفاده از تركيب AHP و نظريه‌ي مجموعه‌هاي تقريبي، و ارايه‌ي مدلي براي تخصيص سفارش به تامين‌كنندگان منتخب

Supplier Selection by Combination of AHP Method and Rough Sets Theory and Presenting a Model for order Allocation to Selected Suppliers

انتخاب تامين‌كننده يك مسيله‌ي تصميم‌گيري چندمعياره است كه هم عوامل كمي و هم عوامل كيفي را شامل مي‌شود. همچنين تصميمات انتخاب تامين‌كننده، به‌علت لزوم درنظرگيري توابع هدف مختلف به طور هم زمان، داراي پيچيدگي خاصي است. از سوي ديگر در عالم واقع، غالباً اين توابع هدف با يكديگر در تعارض خواهند بود؛ بنابراين در فرايند انتخاب تامين‌كننده، تبادلات ميان معيارها بايد مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گيرد. هنگامي كه شرايط تخفيف حجمي مطرح باشد، اين مسيله‌ قدري پيچيده‌تر مي‌شود. در اين تحقيق مدلي تركيبي از روش فرايند تحليل سلسله‌مراتبي (AHP) و نظريه‌ي مجموعه‌هاي تقريبي ارايه شده است. همچنين يك مدل برنامه‌ريزي چندهدفه، براي تخصيص سفارش به تامين‌كنندگان منتخب ارايه شده است. الگوريتم حل مدل چندهدفه‌ي پيشنهادي با استفاده از يك مثال عددي نشان داده شده است.

Supplier selection is one of the most critical activities of purchasing management in a supply chain, because of the key role of supplier’s performance on cost, quality, delivery, and service in achieving the objectives of a supply chain. Selecting the right suppliers significantly reduces the purchasing cost and improves corporate competitiveness, which is why many experts believe that the supplier selection is the most important activity of a purchasing department. Supplier selection is a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that is affected by several conflicting factors. Consequently, a purchasing manager must analyze the trade-off among several criteria. MCDM techniques support the decision makers (DMS) in evaluating a set of alternatives. In a real situation, for supplier selection problems, the weights of criteria are different and depend on purchasing strategies in a supply chain. Many multi-criteria decision making approaches have been proposed for supplier selection, such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Analytic Network Process (ANP), Case-based Reasoning (CBR), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), fuzzy set theory, Genetic Algorithm (GA), mathematical programming, Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART), and their hybrids. Supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision making problem, which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors. In order to select the best suppliers, it is necessary to make a trade-off between these tangible and intangible factors, some of which may conflict. When business volume discounts exist, this problem becomes more complicated as, in these circumstances, buyer should decide about two problems: which suppliers are the best and how much should be purchased from each selected supplier. In this article, an integrated approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), improved by rough sets theory and multi-objective mixed integer programming, is proposed to simultaneously determine the number of suppliers to employ and the order quantity allocated to these suppliers. A solution methodology is presented to solve the multi-objective model and the model is illustrated using a numerical example.