ثنويت در الاهيات افلاطوني

Dualism in Platonic Theology

الاهيات افلاطوني به مثابه بخشي از نظام فكري او تابع مؤلفه‌هايي است كه كل پيكره انديشه‌هاي او را تحت تأثير قرار داده است. وي، همان‌گونه كه در حوزه هستي‌شناسي و متافيزيك، با توجه به ميراث هراكليتي و پارمنيدسي خود، دو ساحت عقلي و حسي را مطرح مي‌كند، در حوزه الاهيات نيز از يك سو قلمرو متعالي را مطرح مي‌كند كه در آن مي‌توان ويژگي‌هايي نظير ثبات، و حتي گونه‌اي مشابهت با صفات نظام‌هاي الاهياتي اديان، يافت. اما براي اعمال نفوذ و تبيين تغييرات به خداياني نياز دارد كه در قلمرو جهان متغير ايفاي نقش كنند. از اين‌رو الاهياتي ناظر به ساحت اين‌جهاني يا حلولي شكل مي‌گيرد. بدين‌ترتيب ثنويت معهود و مألوف افلاطون در هستي‌شناسي و معرفت‌شناسي، در الاهيات نيز رخ مي‌نمايد. مدعاي اين مقاله اين است كه دميورژ و خير را مي‌توان دو روي يك سكه ديد و دميورژ را صورت شخصي‌تر و انضمامي‌تري براي خير برتر و متعالي قلمداد كرد.

Platos theology as a part of his intellectual system is under the influence of some components which has affected his entire thoughts. As he proposes intellectual and sensual realms in the field of ontology and metaphysics under the influence of his own Parmenidean and Heraclitean heritage, so he propounds a transcendent realm in the field of theology, in which such features as stability and even a kind of similarity with theological systems of religions can be found. However, he needs some gods to play a role in the changing world in order to exert influence and explain these changes. Therefore, a kind of theology related to this worldly realm or an emanative theology in formed. As a result, Platos promised and familiar dualism in ontology and epistemology appears in theology as well. The present paper claims that demiurge and goodness can be regarded as two sides of a same coin and demiurge as a more individualistic and enclosed form for supreme and transcendent goodness. Mohammad Firoozkoohi[1] Ali Akbar Ahmadi Aframjani[2] [1] . PhD student of philosophy of religion, Azad Islamic University, sciences and research unit, Tehran [2] . Assistant professor of department of philosophy, Allamah Tabatabaii University  [1] . PhD student of philosophy of religion, Azad Islamic University, sciences and research unit, Tehran [2] . Assistant professor of department of philosophy, Allamah Tabatabaii University