بررسي و تحليل پيشه‌هاي خانوادگي خاقاني و دفاع هنري وي از آن‌ها

The Study and Analysis of Khaghani’s Family Careers and his Artistic Defense of them

نظام طبقاتي حاكم بر جامعه روزگار خاقاني سبب مي شد كه با هر فرد با توجه به وضعيت اجتماعي خانواده اش برخورد شود. خانواده خاقاني از طبقه فرودست جامعه و از پيشه وران بوده اند. بنابراين خاقاني از شأن اجتماعي بالايي در جامعه برخوردار نبوده و از طرف مخالفان و رقيبان خود، به همين دليل سرزنش مي شده است. سلاح خاقاني در برابر اين حملات، هنر اوست. خاقاني به جاي اينكه همچون خودباختگان، گذشته خود را انكار كند و از خاندان خود تبري جويد، دقيقاً برعكس عمل كرده است و با عزت نفسي مثال زدني به پيشه گذشتگان خود افتخار هم كرده است. در حقيقت اين سخنور خلاق، شاعري خود را ادامه پيشه اجداد خود دانسته و به كمك صور خيال آن را توجيه كرده است. اين مطلب نه تنها در جاي جاي ديوان خاقاني، مضمون آفرين شده بلكه به طور اختصاصي در مثنوي ختم الغرايب نمود پيدا كرده است. هدف اين پژوهش اين است كه با تحقيق و جستجو در ديوان خاقاني و مثنوي ختم الغرايب، شگردهاي دفاعي خاقاني در بهره گيري هنري از پيشه هاي خانوادگي وي بازيابي و تحليل گردد. اين شاعر خلاق ضمن بازتاب مشاغل خاندان خود و دفاع از اين پيشه ها، از آن ها براي ساخت تركيبات و مضامين تازه به خوبي بهره برده است.

The class system dominating the society in Khaghanirsquo s era caused each person to be treated with regard to the social status of his family. The family of Khaghani belonged to the inferior class of society and tradesmen. Thus, he was not of high social status in the society and was blamed by his adversaries and rivals due to the very reason. His weapon against such attacks and blames was his art. Instead of refuting his family and past like the cowardice, he behaved exactly the opposite and honored the career of his family and predecessors with an outstanding selfrespect. In fact, this creative poet considers his poetry as the continuation of his familyrsquo s career and justifies this by the aid of imagery. This matter not only is observable in his entire divan but also and especially is manifested in Khatm alGharayeb mathnavi. The aim of this study is to analyze how Khaghani employs artistically the career of his family in his divan and Khatm alGharayeb mathnavi. While reflecting and defending the careers of his family, this poet uses them very well in creating novel compounds and phrases. Khaghani, the uncontested master of compounding, has created the most beautiful and novel poetic compounds such as Sokhantarash, Hikmatbaf, Sokhanbaf and Abapozmarsquo ani on the basis of his family careers. This study can provide a better psychological understanding of this poet.