پيوند ميان انديشۀ پيشرفت و تفكر فلسفي در غرب، مطالعۀ موردي: نظام فكري دكارت

The Connection between the Thought of Progress and Philosophical Thinking in the West (Case Study: Descartes’ Thought System )

انديشه پيشرفت را از پيش فرض هاي مدرنيته غرب دانسته اند كه اگر اين را بپذيريم، بايد آن را در شمار محورها و مباني فلسفه اوايل دوران مدرن جاي دهيم و براي دكارت ــ كه او را به مثابه پدر فلسفه مدرن مي شناسند ــ در شكل گيري اين انديشه نقشي به سزا قائل شويم. ميان تفكر فلسفي غرب و تبديل آرمان پيشرفت به يكي از واقعيات مسلم تمدن غرب، پيوند وثيقي در كار است كه اين امر را روشن تر از همه جا، مي توان در نظام فكري دكارت ديد. بن مايه مقاله پيش رو تغييرموضعي است كه در نگاه طلايه داران دوران مدرن به رسالت فلسفه در عالم رخ داده است. در اين نوشته مي كوشيم نشان دهيم كه براي تحقق انديشه پيشرفت، پيش شرط هايي بايسته مي نمود كه اين پيش شرط ها اگرچه نه منحصراً، به بهترين و كامل ترين صورتش در تفكر فلسفي غرب محقق شده است.

Thought of progress has been considered as one of the presuppositions of the West modernity. Having accepted this idea, we should regard it as one of the bases and foundations of early modern philosophy, and consider Descartes, known as the father of modern philosophy, as having a major role in its formation. There is a strong relationship between the West philosophical thought and the change of the idea of progress to one of the undisputed facts of the west civilization, and this issue can be seen clearly in Descartes thought system better than anywhere else. The present paper intends to show the leading position of Descartesamp;rsquo; thought system in the institutionalization of the concept of progress in the West philosophical system in three main parts: 1. Authority fighting and its relation with Cartesianamp;rsquo;s Doubt, 2. The genuineness of the worldly life in Descartesamp;rsquo; thought system, and 3. Establishing the foundation of modern science. This article is based on the modern forerunnersamp;rsquo; change of opinion about the philosophy mission in the world. It makes attempt to demonstrate in order to achieve the thought of progress, some prerequisites are necessary; and these prerequisite, though not exclusively, in their best and most complete form are generally achieved in the West philosophical thought and are particularly accomplished in Descartesamp;rsquo; philosophy.