مقايسه واژه‌هاي مشتق و مركب زبان فارسي به لحاظ نوع فرآيند واجي

Phonological Processes in Complex and Compound Words

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسي فرآيندهاي رايج در دو نوع واژه هاي مشتق و مركب است. بدين منظور، با مراجعه به يك فرهنگ 40,000 واژه اي (مشيري، 1388) داده هاي مورد نياز براي اين پژوهش، جمع آوري و پس از تفكيك حدود 4034 واژه مشتق و 1464 واژه مركب، فرآيندهاي واجي رايج، در اين دو گروه بررسي شده است. در اين پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزار excel و به كمك رايانه، درصد و بسامد وقوع اين فرآيندها محاسبه گرديده است. برخي دستاوردهاي اين پژوهش عبارتند از: 1 معمول­ترين فرآيندهاي واجي در واژه هاي مشتق، درج همخوان است. 2 معمول‌ترين فرآيندهاي واجي در واژه هاي مركب، حذف همخوان است. 3 در واژه هاي مشتق، حذف همخوان در جهت كاهش وزن هجا و حذف واكه در جهت افزايش وزن هجا عمل مي‌نمايد. 4 درج واكه در هر دو گروه مشتق و مركب قابل مشاهده است.

Abstract This research at making a comparison between phonological processes in complex and compound Persian words. Data are gathered from a 40,000word Persian dictionary. To catch some results, 4,034 complex words and 1,464 compound ones are chosen. To count the data, "excel" software is used. Some results of the research are: 1 "Insertion" is the usual phonological process in complex words. More than half of different insertions belongs to the consonant /g/. Then /y/ and // are in the second and the third order. The consonant /v/ has the least percentage of all. The most percentage of vowel insertion belongs to /e/. The vowels /a/ and /o/ are in the second and third order. Deletion in complex words can only be seen in consonant /t/ and vowel /e/. 2 The most frequent phonological processes in compounds is consonant deletion. In this process, seven different consonants including /t/, //, /m/, /r/, / ǰ/, /d, and /c/. The only deleted vowel is /e/. In both groups of complex and compound, /t/ deletion can be observed. A sequence of three consonants paves the way for the deletion of one of the consonants, if one of the sequences is a sonorant one like /n/, the deletion process rarely happens. 3 In complex words, consonant deletion causes a lighter syllable weight, whereas vowel deletion causes a heavier syllable weight. So, both of the processes lead to bimoraic weight. 4 The production of bimoraic syllable in Persian is preferable to Syllable Contact Law. So, Specific Rules have precedence to Universals. 5 Vowel insertion can be seen in both groups of complex and compound words. In complex words, /e/ insertion has the most fundamental part. The vowels /a/ and /o/ are in the second and third place. Whenever there are two sequences of ultraheavy syllables. By vowel insertion, the first syllable is broken into two light syllables. The compounds that are influenced by vowel insertion, can be and are pronounced without any insertion processes. Therefore, the vowel insertion in compounds is optional. Long vowels are not inserted in complex or compound words