كاركرد مميز خاص در صفت شمارشي مركب؛ ويژگي ممتاز سبك بيدل

Application of specific classifiers in the compound numerical adjectives; Bidel’s stylistic feature

بيدل دهلوي بزرگترين شاعر فارسي‌گوي هند است كه دشواري و ديريابي را از مشخّصات اصلي سبك او به حساب آورده‌اند. از جمله بحث‌هاي تخصصي پيرامون سبك بيدل و دشواري‌هاي كلام او، پاره‌اي توجّهات نحوي اوست كه كمتر مورد بررسي محقّقان شعرش قرار گرفته است. يكي از مسائل نحوي و دستوري در زبان شاعر، كاربرد فراوان صفت شمارشي مركب و مميز خاص به گونه‌اي ويژه و منحصرد به فرد است كه آن را به مشخصه ممتاز و برجسته سبك بيدل تبديل مي‌كند. نگارندگان در اين جُستار به بررسي انواع شيوه‌هاي به كارگيري صفت شمارشي مركب در ديوان شعر بيدل با تكيه بر تمامي موارد موجود در ديوان او پرداخته‌اند كه در نهايت منتج به اين امور گرديد: كاربرد صفات شمارشي مركب و مميز خاص به عنوان ويژگي سبكي، به سبب كثرت، تنوّع و چگونگي استعمال، در نوع خود كم نظير و مختص بيدل دهلوي است؛ ميان مميز و معدود در شعر بيدل رابطه محكم و استواري از لحاظ معنايي حاكم است؛ مميزها گاه به جاي ابهام زدايي، بر ابهام كلام مي‌افزايند؛ مميزهاي تصويري و خيال انگيز، بيشترين كاربرد را در شعر بيدل داراست؛ مميزهاي مادي با معدودهاي انتزاعي بيشترين بسآمد را از ميان ديگر تقسيمات در شعر بيدل به خود اختصاص داده‌ است و دست آخر اينكه صفت‌هاي شمارشي در تركيب صفت شمارشي مركب + معدود، اعدادي محدودند به طوري كه از اعداد يك، دو، يك دو، نه، صد و هزار تجاوز نمي‌كنند.

Abstract  Bidel Dehlavi is the greatest Persian poet of India that difficulty is the main characteristic of his style. Technical discussions about Bidel’s style and his word difficulties, demands more attention to some syntactic cases that have been remained unnoticed. One of the poets way of speaking is frequently using of compound numerical adjectives and specific classifiers in a specific and unique way. One of his specific methods to display and offer different concepts to the readers mind is the use of certain words in place of numericalclassifiers, which is new and by breaking norms of language, makes the reader surprised and gives him pleasure. So, understanding his ways of using compound numerical adjectives and specific classifiers demands some researches as follows:   1) Survey of classifiers in terms of imagery   2) Survey of classifiers on the basis of meaning making   3) Survey of classifiers on the basis of ambiguity making   4) Survey of classifiers in the point view of concretion or abstraction   When it comes the classifier to be material and tangible and on the other hand, the numeri be abstract, the role of classifier will become more prominent.   According to what we found on this research, it turns out the structure of firstly “concrete classifier + abstract computed noun” and then “concrete classifier + abstract computed noun” with the most frequency, are in the best position in Bidel’s poem. In general, the basic principles of Bidel’s style are as follows:   (1) The diversity and plurality of application of specific classifiers in compound numerical adjectives.   (2) Deviating from the norms of conventional languages, presented in a new and innovative way.   (3) The relationship and cohesion between classifier and computed noun.   (4) Being strong and prominent in image making.   (5) Being strong and prominent in meaning making   (6) Creating ambiguity and increasing the complexity of the word.   (7) Having a metaphoric role to express the diversity or lack of things   (8) According to Shafiee kadkani’s classification and on the basis of all available evidences in Bidel’s Divan, the compound (x + material classifiers + abstract computed noun), by 148 out of 314 cases, is the most. Therefore, Bidel has used of the best kind of compound numerical adjectives and numeri in his poem.