انسان در جهان يا جهان در انسان«جستاري در خصوص رابطه انسان با جهان از نگاه صدرالمتألهين»

The World Within Human, or Human Within The World An Inquiry on the Relationship Between Human And The World According to Mullasadra's Viewpoints

فيلسوفان اسلامي در خصوص رابطۀ انسان با جهان بر اين باورند كه انسان، عالم صغير است و جهان، انسان كبير.در اين نگاه انسان عصاره و چكيدۀ جهان محسوب مي شودوجامعيت او به واسطۀ روح الهي و ملكوتي است كه در او دميده شده است.از بين فلاسفه ملاصدرا معتقد است كه هنگامي كه بدن انسان با حركت جوهري به مرحلۀ «تسويه»رسيد،استعداد و قابليت لازم را جهت دريافت اين نفخۀ الهي مي يابد و آن گاه روح الهي با تمامي اسماء و صفاتش، درحدّ استعداد و قوه، در تركيب بدن انسان جلوه مي كند. بدين ترتيب، انسان به عنوان خليفۀ الهي، مي تواند تمام حقايق كلي و جزيي عالم و خواص و اسماء آن ها را بشناسد و بنا بر اتحاد عالم و معلوم، جهاني عقلاني شبيه جهان خارجي گردد. بر اين اساس، مسألۀ اصلي در اين تحقيق اين است كه آيا انسان در جهان است و موجودي از موجودات جهان محسوب مي شود يا جهان در انسان؟ چگونه جهان با تمام عظمت خود در انسان واقع مي شود؟ انسان با چه ويژگي مي تواند جهاني عقلاني گردد؟

Islamic philosophers believe that human being is the microcosm and the world is macrocosm. Thus, according to this view, human is the essence and extract of the world and her comprehensiveness is drawn from her divine spirit breathed into her body. Among philosophers, this is Mullasadra who believes that by the time human's body reaches the stage of "proportionality" through substantial motion, s/he would have the necessary potential and capacity of Divine "breathing of spirit". Then, with all his Attitude and Names the divine spirit would represent as potentials within the human. Hence, as the Divine Vicegerent, human is able to understand the whole general and individual truths of the world as well as their names and characteristics. In addition, based on the rule of the union between the knower and the known, human would become an intellectual world like the outer world. Thus, the current study is an attempt to answer the following questions: Is human within the world as one of the creatures of this world, or is the world within the human? How can the world with all its greatness places within human? How is it possible for human to become an intellectual world?