بررسي جامعه‌شناختي ابعاد مداراي اجتماعي با تأكيد بر ويژگي‌هاي شخصيتي (مورد مطالعه: دانشجويان دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز)

The Study of Sociological Aspects of Social Tolerance With Emphasis on Personality Traits

مداراي اجتماعي را مي‏توان به عنوان پايه و اساس دموكراسي و جامعه مدني در نظر گرفت كه بدون وجود آن نظام اجتماعي دچار اختلال خواهد گرديد. عوامل مختلفي را مي‏توان در نظر گرفت كه بر كنش‏هاي مداراگرانه مؤثر است كه در اين ميان مي‏توان به نقش ويژگي‏هاي شخصيتي اشاره كرد. بدين منظور مطالعه حاضر درصدد است به پيش بيني ابعاد مداراي اجتماعي بر اساس ويژگي‏هاي شخصيتي بپردازد. به روش پيمايشي 377 نفر از دانشجويان كارشناسي دانشگاه شهيد چمران به روش نمونه‏گيري خوشه‏اي چند مرحله‏اي انتخاب شدند. نتايج نشان داد كه از بين ويژگي‏هاي شخصيتي، تنها وظيفه‏شناسي نقش تبيين‏كنندگي مداراي اجتماعي را دارد. در مورد تأثير ويژگي‏هاي شخصيتي بر ابعاد مداراي اجتماعي، توافق‏پذيري تبيين‏كننده مداراي عقيدتي، وظيفه‏شناسي و توافق‏پذيري تبيين‏كننده مداراي رفتاري، وظيفه‏شناسي، توافق‏پذيري و باز بودن تبيين‏كننده مداراي سياسي و هم‏چنين ويژگي بازبودن و برون‏گرايي تبيين‏كننده مداراي هويتي هستند.

IntroductionDifference and diversity, is a phenomenon that has existed since beginning of the human society formation. During of history groups and individuals have always been looking for  this diversity of the various destroy to their interests and goals by different ways such as repression, war, torture and implement a value uniformity in society. But  human life experience shows that this uniformity and homogeneity in all context, preserve its sovereignty only at the short terms and then again the difference and diversity has  appear on society. A Phenomenon that in the contemporary world, more intensify the reaction based on  eliminate then differences, development of communication among people, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and ideas are different because with the expansion of the interaction, person see his identity in disposable of destruction and show violent reaction then  his melting . A thing that makes people to accept differences, is tolerance. Tolerance is the acceptance and put in with individuals and groups who have different value systems and beliefs with us can defined. Tolerance is a responsibility that has affected on create human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The concept of tolerance includes rejection of dogmatic, absolutism and affirms the standards given in international human rights. Tolerance can be as a foundation of democracy and according a thinker like Habermas,it is necessary to communicative action. It seems  the social tolerance, a fundamental difference in the amount and intense face to daily actions. This more than anything else make highlight the role of psychological factors and especially personality traits. Personality traits are such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and agreeableness. The ratio between these features and social responses, McCrae and Costa believe that personality traits of openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion can play a positive role and influence on the experiences and interactions play a particularly tolerant.In contrast The characteristics of the mental health of low neuroticism, anxiety, depression and selfblame, seem to have a better readiness to tolerant behavior with others. Accordingly, this study sought to examine the influence of personality traits on social tolerance. Material amp; Methods The method of this research is survey. Statistical population is undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University have been enrolled in the academic year 13931392. Sampling method, was multistage cluster. University School is eleven of the three faculties of Economics and Social Sciences, Science and Engineering that were selected randomly. The two strands of each of these schools were randomly selected, and then provide a list of classes and then selected classes, the researcher presented a description of questionnaires distributed among students. The population was 12, 769 undergraduates Cochran formula to determine the sample size was 372. To achieve this, a sample size of 390 questionnaires were distributed among the students, but because of the distortion due to the distortion of the 13 questionnaires, were excluded from the analysis, resulting in a sample size of 377 questionnaires, were analyzed. In this study, the dependent variable are distances of social tolerance  and independent variable are personality characteristic. Distances of Social tolerance in this study are classified according to four dimensions tolerance Peter King, political, behavioral and identity is. Reliability through Cronbachs alpha was calculated.For collecting data to measurement of personality traits, used of NEOFFi standard questionnaire  that make by McCrae and Costa to mesurement five personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness and responsibility such a stepwise regression method to study the effect of any of the personality traits of tolerance was used. Discussion of Results amp; Conclusions The results showed that from personality trait, just loyality has the role of explaining of social tolerance. The influences of personality traits on social tolerance distances, explain agreeableness, and agreeableness explaining of behavioral tolerance, loyality and agreeableness and explain openness political tolerance and also openness trait and extraversion features explained the identity  tolerance.