برّرسي عوامل اقتصادي و اجتماعي تغييرات كاربري اراضي (مطالعۀ موردي: شهرستان محمود‌آباد)

An Investigation of the Factors Affecting landUse Changing (Case Study: Mahmoudabad County)

هدف: هدف از اين پژوهش، شناخت ميزان تغيير كاربري اراضي كشاورزي، جنگلي و اراضي ساخته‌شده به ترتيب سال‌هاي 1357، 1368، 1381 و 1394، شناخت پراكنش جغرافيايي تغيير كاربري اراضي كشاورزي شهرستان محمودآباد طي چهار دهۀ اخير و شناخت عامل تغيير كاربري اراضي كشاورزي و جنگلي در شهرستان محمودآباد است. روش: روش اين تحقيق، تجربي تحليلي و از نظر هدف، كاربردي است. به‌ منظور گردآوري داده‌هاي مورد نياز از دو روش اسنادي و ميداني (از طريق تكميل 220 پرسش‌نامه) استفاده شد. روايي پرسش‌نامه توسّط جمعي از اساتيد جغرافياي روستايي و شهري مورد تأئيد قرارگرفته شد. هم‌چنين، مقدار آلفاي كرون باخ 0.9 به دست آمد. به‌ منظور ارزيابي ميزان اثرات گويه‌ها، از آزمون كاياسكوئر و در نهايت، براي ارزيابي كلّي ابعاد از آزمون T تك نمونه‌اي استفاده ‌شده است. هم‌چنين، پردازش تصاوير ماهواره‌اي شهرستان محمودآباد از سال 1357 تا 1394، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Envi و GIS صورت گرفته است. يافته‌ها: پردازش تصاوير ماهواره‌اي نشان داد كه تغييرات كاربري اراضي جنگلي طي دوره‌هاي زماني 1357، 1368، 1381 و 1394 به ترتيب 66، 22.3، 18 و 14.3 كيلومتر مربّع بوده است (مساحت شهرستان برابر است با 262 كيلومتر مربّع). نتايج حاصل از تحقيقات ميداني نشان داد كه مهم‌ترين عوامل اقتصادي تغيير كاربري عبارت‌اند از: قيمت پايين محصولات كشاورزي، مخارج بالاي زندگي و به‌صرفه‌نبودن درآمد كشاورزي، تورّم بالا در جامعه و ارزش بيش‌تر خود زمين تا كشاورزي. هم‌چنين، در بعد اجتماعي عوامل مهم و مؤثّر عبارت‌اند از: افزايش جمعيت ساكنان بومي روستا، عدم تمايل جوانان به فعّاليت‌هاي كشاورزي، تغيير استانداردهاي زندگي و تمايل به شهرنشيني. اصالت و ارزش: اطّلاع از نسبت كاربري‌ها و نحوۀ تغييرات آن در گذر زمان يكي از مهم‌ترين موارد در برنامه‌ريزي‌ها هست. با اطّلاع از نسبت تغييرات كاربري مي‌توان تغييرات آتي را پيش‌بيني كرده و اقدامات لازم را انجام داد. در همين راستا، اين تحقيق به تحليل عوامل اقتصادي و اجتماعي تشديد‌ كنندۀ تغييرات كاربري اراضي در شهرستان محمودآباد در سال 1394 پرداخته است. در نهايت، پيشنهاد‌هايي به ‌منظور جلوگيري يا حدّاقل كندكردن روند موجود ارائه ‌شده است.

Extended abstract 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, uncontrolled land use changing is one of the major challenges of the agricultural section of Iran. Hence, a big part of agricultural lands and also forest lands turned out of production cycle and natural resource. Mahmoudabad town as one of the agricultural areas of Iran is not an exception. The main objective of this investigation, was to recognize the factors affecting land use changing in that area and to propose some proper solutions. 2 THEATRICAL FRAMEWORK Natural scientists define land use in terms of syndromes of human activities such as agriculture, forestry and building construction that alter land surface processes including biogeochemistry, hydrology and biodiversity. Social scientists and land managers define land use more broadly to include the social and economic purposes and contexts for and within which lands are managed (or left unmanaged), such as subsistence versus commercial agriculture, rented vs. owned, or private vs. public land. While land cover may be observed directly in the field or by remote sensing, observations of land use and its changes generally require the integration of natural and social scientific methods 3 METHODOLOGY The research method applied in this study was descriptiveanalytical and which analyzed economic and social variables as effecting factors on land use changing. In this study, two hundred and twenty questionnaires completed in Mahmoudabad town level. Spss software was employed to analyze the data extracted from the Questionnaires. In addition to investigating the abovementioned variables, Satellite land sat eight and seven and four was used from nineteen seventyseven to two thousand and fifteen. Finally, the "ENVI " software and supervised classification method of maximum likelihood were used to provide the classification map (GIS) for each usage. 4 DISCUSSION Based on the satellite data by Land sat eight, seven, TM and Mss, forest lands decreased from thirty eight percent to three percent. While the surface area of construction increased from six percent to eighteen percent from nineteen seventyseven until Two thousand and fifteen. Findings have revealed that, the process of land use changing of Mahmoudabad town has begun in recent years, especially from 1988. Findings also indicated that economic factor specially, low price of agricultural production, high cost of life, high inflation in society, more valuable lands from agriculture activity are the most important factors influencing land use changing of Mahmoudabad town lands. As well as, among the social factors, population growth in rural area and Mahmoudabad city, the reluctance of youth to agriculture activity, changing in standards of living and tendency to urbanization are the most important factors influencing land use changing of Mahmoudabad town lands. Generally, economic (mean 2.99) factors were more effectiveness from society factors (2.81). Therefore, we have attempted to propose suitable solution by recognizing these factors. 5 CONCLUSION The results obtained from the satellite pictures during from nineteen seventy seven to two thousand and fifteen indicated that forest lands decreased from thirty eight percent to three percent. While the surface area of construction increased from six percent to eighteen percent. As well, economic factors were more efficient from social factors. Low price of agricultural production and increasing of population in Mahmoudabad town are the mail factor that influenced land use change.