گستره‌‌هاي فضايي فقر شهري اراك

Spatial Extent of Urban Poverty in Arak City

گستره هاي فقر، نابرابري و تفاوت در الگوي زيست در كلان شهرهاي بزرگ ماحصل اقتصاد دوگانه با حاكميت سرمايه داري بازار آزاد است. گسترش شهرها با ساختار فضايي نامنسجم و ازهم گسيخته سبب تمركز نامعقول امكانات و خدمات در بخش هاي گوناگون شهر و توسعه ي اجتماعي ـ اقتصادي نابرابر در آن هاست. شهر اراك از جمله شهرهايي است كه فضاي شهري آن داراي عدم تعادل اجتماعي ـ اقتصادي و وجود گستره هاي فضايي فقر در حاشيه هاي شهر است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسايي و سطح بندي گستره هاي فقر شهري در شهر اراك است. با توجه به ماهيتِ شناختي مسئله، روش انجام اين پژوهش از نوع توصيفي ـ تحليلي است كه براي دستيابي به اين هدف از مؤلفه هاي چندگانه ي اقتصادي، اجتماعي و كالبدي استفاده شد. داده هاي پژوهش بر مطالعات اسنادي و پيمايش چندگانه (پرسش نامه، مصاحبه، مشاهده) محققان استوار است. به دليل تفاوت در نوع داده ها و هدف تحقيق، از نرم افزار ARCGIS 10.2 براي شناسايي گستره هاي فقير و از مدل هاي كمي ELECTRE و AHP در زمينه ي سطح بندي گستره هاي شناسايي شده استفاده گرديد. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه با توجه به تلفيق شاخص هاي چندگانه اجتماعي و اقتصادي و كالبدي، هفت گستره ي اصلي در شهر شناسايي شدند كه، به جز بخش مركزي، عمدتاَ در حاشيه شهر قرار دارند. نتايج سطح بندي گستره هاي شناسايي شده حاكي از آن است كه به لحاظ برخورداري و شرايط مطلوب زيستي بخش مركزي در رتبه ي اول، محور 20 متري ميقان و محله هاي رودكي و باغ خلج در رتبه ي دوم، محله ي داوران و كشتارگاه، محله ي فوتبال و كوي ولي عصر در رتبه ي سوم و، سرانجام، كوي قنات ناصري در رتبه ي چهارم قرار دارند.

The extent of poverty, inequality and environmental differences patterns in large metropolises are the results of a dual economy with free market capitalism rule in these cities. Urban spatial structure expansion and incoherent, irrational focus on different parts of the city and its facilities and services, economic development, social inequality in them. Urban environments, complex systems with complex phenomena, relations and interactions between the components are different. Cities in the twentyfirst century are undoubtedly one of the great challenges which are facing to them is their poverty focus. The physical differences reflect the existing inequalities in societies based on market economy. Undoubtedly, the developments in the past few decades have a large share in these settlements in the metropolises of the country. . Although the extent of urban poverty phenomenon is not new in urban planning literature, referred in ancient societies, such settlements are massive and complex phenomenon, which is entering its second phase of capitalism, the capitalist industrial and disturb Aboriginal settlement system is embodied in the geographic ranges. This astonishing growth in the South with the growth of the tertiary sector of the economy on the one hand and on the other hand, the recovery of the agricultural sector in rural areas occurred. Geographers look at the formation of the spatial extent of poverty regarding both humans and nature. Poverty is caused by humans in the absence of proper mechanisms in human society develops. Arak urban space reflects the socioeconomic imbalances and the spatial extent of poverty in the Border areas of the city. This research aimed to identify and Rank urban poverty in the Arak city. According to recognition type of this problem, descriptive ndash analytical methods are used in this research. The multiple components of economic, social and physical are studied. ArcGIS is used to determine the Density factor () and the distribution of each indicator. Then, according to the purpose of the study, stratification between the known areas (including: the city center, 20meterMighan, Davaran and Koshtargah, Roodaki and Bagh Khalaj, Footabal, Shahrake valiasr and Qanate Naseri) And the quantitative model and AHP ELECTRE Regionalization are used. In this way ranking options instead of a new concept called quot nonnon Rankingrdquo used. Multicriteria problems to deal with a set of options, indices and values ​​expressed preference. In this way all options nonordinal comparisons were evaluated using noneffective options and be removed from list. The results of this paper showed two spatial extent of urban poverty and Regionalization of the settlements with the use of multiple components classified. The results showed that due to the combination of multiple indicators of social, economic and physical, seven main ranges were identified that except for the central part, all extents located in the Border areas. According to the results, the central district (first), 20meterMighan Street and Rudaki and Bagh Khalaj neighborhoods (second), Football neighborhood and ValieAsr (third) and neighborhood of QanatNaseri (fourth). Review the history of the formation and spatial differences in this field indicates the fact that different mechanisms are involved in creating them. These ranges are more vulnerable to poverty and poor economic conditions in the exodus of migrants entering and after industrialization city. It can be said that in order to identify the extent of poverty, systemic view of the external and internal mechanisms in terms of time place is essential.