چكيده انگليسي مقالات

abstract

A Return to Truth of Self: A Philosophical-Moral Analysis of The Little Prince Saeideh Qayemi Majd? Moral criticism is one of the important branches of literary criticism which has always challenged the literary value of written works. This paper provides a critique of The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, the contemporary French writer. It has been translated into more than 100 languages and is one of the most read books all over the world. It was one of the most popular books of the 20th century and that is why it was called the Book of the Century. In this paper, the writer initially deals with each of the characters of the story in terms of their nature and essential characteristics and explains the author’s intention of writing this story. In this books, he portrays the different stages of his own wayfaring and, through an analysis of these stages, refers the important point of the little prince’s return to his hometown, which is his very true self, after going through the different stages of his wayfaring. This indicates the influence of eastern gnosis over the creation of this work. The present paper examines The little Prince following a philosophical-moral approach. Key Terms The Little Prince Antoine de Saint-Exupéry truth of self morality ? Is the “Philosophy for Children” Program Based on a Neutral Plan and Free from any Presupposition? Nawab Moqarrabi? A question which demands our serious attention with regard to the Philosophy for Children Program is whether it is based on a neutral plan which lacks any presupposition, or whether it merely provides a new teaching method which is free from any kind of prejudgment and biased content. The founders of this program believe that it represents a method which lacks judgment and does not follow any ideology, and that why it can be employed in any society with any culture, language, religion, and traditions. However, some authorities in the field, particularly those who aim to launch a nativized version of this program in Iran in conformity with Iranian-Islamic ethical and moral values and standards, believe in the opposite. They argue that this program, both in terms of method and content, is based on a philosophical design which abounds in prejudgments, presuppositions, and ideologies which are basically rooted in western culture, philosophy, and lifestyle. Therefore, unlike what its founders and advocates, it is in no way an impartial and neutral program or method whose content can be matched with the culture and moral values of each and every society. Key Terms philosophy and children nativization pre-supposition methodology content analysis ? The Relationship between Imagination and Consumption in Computer Games Seyyed Mehdi Nazemi Qarebagh? Imagination is a very important and frequent term in both Islamic philosophy and contemporary philosophy. Many of the characteristics of human beings and the periods succeeding classical schools of philosophy can be interpreted with reference to the imaginal aspect of human existence. In Mulla Sadra’s view, one aspect of the world of imagination can change based on the differences among human beings. Consumerism and the realization of consumer society is also considered to be one of the most important features of the contemporary world so that the cultural values of people seem to have affected the necessities of the consumer society. In their common sense, games primarily and essentially deal with imagination, too. Given the status of today’s human being and relationship between games and a non-transcendent and consumer kind of imagination, computer games can be considered as two important embodiment of the two elements of non-transcendent imagination and consumerism. What makes them suseptible to such as interpretation is their technological essence. In fact, in its technological and media form, games represent a limitless form of consumerism and embody an absurd kind of imagination which are rooted in mathematical thinking. Key Terms imagination imaginal world consumer society technique computer games ? Philosophy of Play and its Role in Children’s Intellectual Growth Based on P4C Kobra Ahmadvand , Soheila Gholami Hardashti , and Hamid Ahmadi Hedayat Undoubtedly, different physical and mental activities are necessary for human growth. Children also need to perform various activities because of going through the most important of their growth. In fact, playing can have an effective role in satisfying their need for performing both mental and physical activities. However, games have various functions, such as promoting children’s intellectual growth, which certainly reinforces intelligent behavior and provides the necessary conditions for language learning and cognitive development of children. The most important feature of thought-provoking games, particularly in the field of philosophy and children, is their contribution to their intellectual growth, which is realized through employing some tools such as toys, stories, films, animations, and pictures. Following a deductive approach, this study indicates that playing games accelerates children’s physical and mental growth and provides an environment where their thoughts can be developed in the best way possible. This requires the actuality of their potential for creativity, which demands the development of their imagination by itself in the process of play. Accordingly, it is necessary to provoke their curiosity during this process by creating a challenging and exciting atmosphere. Key Terms philosophy of play intellectual growth teaching philosophy to children A Comparison of the Personality Characteristics, Identity Styles, and Thrill- Seeking of Internet Addict and Non- Addict Male High School Students Azadeh Mehrpooyan , Saeed Shaikhi , and Morad Shahmoradi The present study aimed to compare the personal characteristics, identity style, and sensation seeking trait of high school internet addict and non-addict male students. It was based on a causal-comparative design. The target population included all the male high school students(N=1200) at the…. in 2015-2016. However, the research sample consisted of 290 students who were chosen following the convenience sampling method. In order to measure the variables of the study, Young’s Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1998), a shorter version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Neo-PI-R), Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale (1964), and Berzonsky’s Identity Styles Inventory (1992) were used. The software SPSS, version 20, was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentile, mean, and standard deviation, were computed for each data distribution, and inferential statistics, namely, the t-test, was employed to test the significance of differences between mean scores. The results indicated that there are significant differences between internet addict and non-addict male students with regard to their personal characteristics. Internet addicts were more neurotic than non-addicts. The mean scores of non-addicts were significantly higher than addicts regarding the variables of extroversion, acceptability, and conscientiousness. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to openness to experience. The difference between the addicts, and non-addicts’ mean scores on the identity style Inventory were also significant. The internet addicts obtained a significantly higher mean score on diffused / avoidant and normative dimensions of identity styles comparing to non-addicts However, non-addicts informational style mean score was significantly higher than that of addicts. Finally, there was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the sensation seeking variable and its four dimensions (errantry, experience- seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility). Key Terms internet addiction personality characteristics identity styles and sensation seeking ? A Structured Study of Teaching Philosophizing in Iranian Schools Yusef Seifzad? The teaching of philosophy at the three standard levels (cognitive, affective, and motor) at schools has only been limited to the first level. In fact, it has rarely ever had a tendency to progress to higher level and only relies on memorization. Moreover, it abounds in teaching the history of different schools of philosophy. However, the new method of teaching philosophy seems to advocate the promotion of philosophizing and thinking on the part of students so that, in addition to learning the best ways in this regard, they manage to perceive the fundamental problems of life. Moreover, the new method, through following a research-oriented approach and reinforcing creative thinking, helps the children to form some insights and views the internalization of which would enable them to employ some rational and constructive strategies and tendencies in life. The present paper deals with the most important dimensions and strategies which contribute to the stability of such methods. Some of them include paying attention to writting dialogs and dialog-orientedness, question-orientedness and development of a critical mind, situationalism and necessity, process-orientedness and development of intellectual abilities, problem-orientedness and practicing proplem-solving, pragmatism and up-to-dateness, and efficiency and effectiveness. Unfortunately, the teaching of philosophy in Iran does not seem to employ such strategies. Key Terms education philosophizing creative thinking Necessity of Piety and Faith for the Philosophical Education of Children (with an Emphasis on the Qur’an and the Words of the Imams and Infallibles) Ahmadreza Azerbaijani(Azar) and Alireza Faqihi If we consider the attainment of the truth as the purpose of education, we will face three basic questions: is truth a discoverable entity? Is truth an attainable entity? Is truth a constructible entity? Then a related question would be: how could be attain the truth? In the course of history various educational system have had different ideas regarding the inclusion of philosophy and philosophizing in children’s education. The process of the philosophical education of children in Iran and in the world is moving forward and has serious advocates and opponents. The lack of this process can result in the development of a society which is void of reflection, flexibility, and dynamism and pave the way for the growth of certain dogmatic trends such as ISIS, Salafism, and Takfir. On the other hand, if the basis of our philosophical education is not correct, it might result in the development of an isolated and skeptic society. Besides, it might even lead to a kind of pluralism without any perception of monotheism while denying some evident affairs and entities such as God. This study examines the importance of piety and faith in the philosophical education of children through relying on the Qur’an and the words of Infallibles(a).