تاثير سطوح رژيم آبياري بر روي عملكرد دو رقم تجاري انار در شرايط اقليمي يزد

Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Yield of Two Commercial Varieties of Pomegranate in the Climatic Condition in Yazd

در شرایط خشكسالی بایستی به كاربرد روش های آبیاری با بهره وری مناسب و راندمان بالا نظیر آبیاری موضعی توجه بیشتری نشان داد. همچنین كم آبیاری به‌عنوان راه حل موثر دیگر در افزایش بهره‌وری آب باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تاثیر رژیم های مختلف آبیاری بر عملكرد دو رقم تجاری انار 4 ساله مجهز به سیستم آبیاری موضعی (بابلر) در خاكی با بافت لومی شنی در شرایط اقلیمی یزد انجام شد. این طرح در قالب آزمایش فاكتوریل با پایه بلوك‌های كامل تصادفی با سه رژیم آبیاری I1، I2، I3 شامل آبیاری كامل در ظرفیت زراعی، 25 درصد كم آبیاری و50 درصد كم آبیاری در سه تكرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد بیشترین و كمترین عملكرد به ترتیب مربوط به رژیم‌های آبیاری 100 درصد و50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بوده است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد كه در دو رقم مورد مطالعه، عملكرد محصول در رژیم‌های آبیاریI1 و I2در سطح 5 درصد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار با I3 بودند. رژیم های آبیاری بر تعداد كل میوه و تعداد میوه سالم در سطح آماری یك درصد و بر آفتاب سوختگی محصول در سطح آماری پنج درصد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بود. در بین دو رقم مورد بررسی نیز با مقایسه عملكرد و تعداد میوه سالم در دو تیمار 75 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، می‌توان با انتخاب رقم ملس یزدی، به منظور بهره‌وری بیشتر آب و محصول، و با اعمال تنش رطوبتی تا 25 درصد، به عنوان یك روش مدیریتی در آبیاری باغات انار توصیه گردد.

Introduction: The maximum water efficiency and water productivity of the agricultural sector is one of the most important and effective ways to deal with the water crisis and mitigate the effects of drought. Therefore, scientific and practical agricultural water productivity in terms of planning and development must be followed. Local or drip irrigation systems supply some of the moist around the roots and the plant uses the moisture in the soil. Irrigation systems and irrigation scheduling affect water uptake by plants. Matrials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation on the yield of 4-year-old pomegranate trees with local irrigation system (Bubbler) in sandy loam soil with bulk density 1.15 grams per cubic centimeter a research was performed in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd province with an altitude of 1230 meters . The region has an arid climate with 51 mm average annual rainfall and average annual temperature of 20 ° C, which is located 10 kilometers from the center of the city of Yazd. This project was designed in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block with three irrigation regimes I1, I2, I3, including irrigation (FC100%), 25% of deficit irrigation (FC75%) and 50 percent deficit irrigation (FC50%) on two commercial cultivars of pomegranates, which have been growing at 3 × 4 with three replications. To prevent penetration of water per tree, plots adjacent to each block strip (three meters between rows and between plants within one and a half meters without irrigation tape) were used as a guard. Trees around the pool shaped a rectangular building with a flow rate of 96 liters per hour for each tree using Bubbler system. The use of such a system with high flow rate, suitability and cost of such a system in orchards and vineyards, water supply reduces energy consumption in a tree in a short time. To prevent clogging of the filter, disc dropper was used at the beginning of the project. At the beginning of each block a flow meter was installed to measure the amount of water distribution. All the operations, including pruning and combat weeds, fertilizing, leaching requirement, according to the research center for all three irrigation regimes in the garden was the same as usual conditions. Due to the salinity of irrigation water and soil salinity testing during the growing season only once and 25 percent, respectively water and soil physical and chemical properties of the test was run. Results and discussion: Analysis of variance and comparison of performance for the three treatments was shown in table (number of the table). In calculating the yield, weight per hectare garden products were considered. Analysis of variance showed that the yield of the different treatments in the water by five percent (p <0/05) showed a significant difference, while the two varieties of touch and touch Save Yazdi showed no significant difference. The total number of fruit, a healthy number of (in terms of visual quality), bust and decay and sunburn, important factors in evaluating the quantity and quality of water is treated with the product. The results showed that the number of healthy product reduced with soil moisture reduction, sunburn, breaks and increased decay through reducing soil moisture. Using the results of analysis of variance, the effect of irrigation treatments on total number of fruits, number of healthy fruits at the level of one percent (p <0/01) was significant and the effect of irrigation treatments on sunburn product in five regions percent (p <0/05) was significant. Conclusion: Based on these results, two significant differences between all the traits of fruit production was observed. There was no interaction between treatments and no significant difference in any of the characters was observed. Data from the comparison showed that the regime of irrigation,crop yield I1 and I2 and I3 showed significant differences in the level of 5%. 100% performance at field capacity treatment with 2247/89 kg and 75% treatment capacity with 2107/84 kg crop yield per hectare of 4-year-old orchards were determined. As the performance of the 50%treatment of field capacity with 768/1 kg yield per hectare of 4-year-old orchards was determined to reduce the impact of the performance.