ماهيت عيب و ملاك تشخيص آن

The Nature of Defect and How to Distinguish it

در همه نظام‌هاي حقوقي شناخت ماهيت عيب به منظور تعيين مسوليت فروشنده يا توليد كننده و امكان دريافت خسارت ناشي از آن ضروري است. در فقه اسلامي از مسوليت محض به "ضمان" تعبير مي‌شود. اين ضمان افزون بر معاملات در اعلاميه‌هاي حقوقي نيز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر ضمن درنگ در ماهيت عيب، به نقد برخي از مناطات عيب مي‌پردازد و با ارايه معياري روشن براي عيب، راه را براي تصحيح يا ابطال معامله و اجراي احكام خيار و دريافت خسارت (ارش) يا ردّ هموار مي‌كند.

In all legal systems, it’s essential to know the nature of fault due to the absolute responsibility of a salesman or producer, on the one hand, and the possibility of receiving compensation on the other hand. In Islamic law, this absolute responsibility is interpreted as ?am?n (indemnification); therefore, this ?am?n that is our subject of discussion in option of defect, is taken into consideration when preparing legal statements as well as in transactions. Thus by realizing the issue, that is, the defect and by expressing its properties and solving possible conflicts, it is made easy to enforce the propositions related to defect. This paper tries to review some criteria of defect, as well as pondering on its nature, and by presenting ideal criteria, facilitates annulment or correction of a deal and enforcing the propositions of option and receiving compensation or refund.