قرينه ‏پردازي در نفثه‏ المصدور

Symmetry processing in Nafsat alMasdur

قرينه ‏پردازي، تكرار متوازن الگوي واحدهاي زباني در متن و از فنون مهم صورتگرايانه است كه در شكل‌گيري فرم نثر و نظم پارسي، به‌ويژه نثر فني و مصنوع روايي، داشته است. مشخص كردن وزن و جايگاه قرينه‏ پردازي، نه تنها در بازشناسي بوطيقاي متن، بلكه در شناخت سازمان ذهني مؤلف نيز اهميت زيادي دارد؛ چراكه قرينه‏ پردازي، متن منثور را به متن منظوم شاعرانه مانند مي‌كند. هدف از اين پژوهش توصيفي تحليلي كه مبتني بر مطالعه متن، استخراج و تحليل شواهد و مصاديق است، واكاوي و بازنمايي ابعاد قرينه ‏پردازي در نفثه‏ المصدور است. اين پژوهش نشان مي‏ دهد كه محمد زيدري‏نسوي (م. 647؟)، در نفثه ‏المصدور كه يكي از ارجمند‏ترين آثار نثر مصنوع پارسي است، با صورتگرايي و برجسته‏ سازي ادبي، فرايند خودكاري و نقش ارجاعي زبان را به حاشيه رانده‏ و در شكل‏ گيري اثرش به قرينه پردازي، نقش محوري داده است و در پنج سطح آوايي، معنايي، واژگاني، نحوي و بلاغي به قرينه ‏پردازي پرداخته است.

Abstract Nafsat alMasdur is a poetic prose in which the author has applied many techniques for literary foregrounding. Nafsat al Masdur in processing its prose has a special status in languageprocessing and conscious and exact applying the power of language and in this midstream, following the principle of coordination and parallelism in textual elements and symmetrical repetition of linguistic patterns and in one word Symmetry processing is its main stylistics doctrine; thus, we found that reviewing the how of symmetry processing in Nafsat alMasdur is valuable and our purpose in this research is to propose a definition of symmetry processing, then we would review, examine and specify the symmetry processing variants in Nafsat alMasdur applying some examples. Symmetry processing is the author’s or poet’s obligation to coming elements together among which there are relations like conjunction, similarity and equivalence. Whereas every text is ultimately a linguistic product, symmetry processing is in fact “well balanced repetition of similar linguistic patterns”. Our given linguistic units in the definition of symmetry processing include as follows: Phoneme, Syllable, Morpheme, Word, Group, Clause, and Sentence. In this descriptiveanalytical research, symmetry processing was done based the quintuple structures phonetic, lexical, syntactical, semantic, and rhetorical and we also showed that the well balanced repetition of patterns of every one of these structures creates a different variant than symmetry processing. Symmetry processing variants in Nafsat al Masdur The author (mohammad Zeidari Nasavi) has applied all variants of symmetry processing praiseworthily skillfully and exactly. His book starts with a symmetrical phrase and finishes with another symmetrical phrase too. The extension of symmetry processing in Nafsat alMasdur is such that none of its pages is devoid of many examples of this kind of masterstroke. Phonetic Symmetry Processing: the repetition of phonetic pattern is called phonetic symmetry processing which has two variants: phonemic and syllabic. A: Phonemic Symmetry Processing: the repetition of phonemic pattern of linguistic units is called phonemic Symmetry Processing. Phonemic symmetry processing is mostly accompanied with syllabic symmetry processing but vice versa is not correct. B: Syllabic symmetry processing: the repetition of syllabic pattern of linguistic units is called syllabic Symmetry Processing. Syllabic symmetry processing is in many cases equaled to the “rhythm” but it is not necessarily so. If only the quantity (the number) of syllables is repeated “syllabic rhythm” would occur and if the quantity, quality and syllabic sequences are repeated then “prosodic rhythm” would be formed. Semantic Symmetry Processing: when author or poet chooses the semantic structure as his/her subject of Symmetry Processing, semantic symmetry processing would be formed which would have different variants depending on its semantic relations of units. A: Synonymic symmetry: synonymy is relative whether in lexical level or sentence level. Synonymic symmetry has lots of applications in Nafsat alMasdur and in many phrases of this book, we can find two sections having relative synonymy. B:  Contrastive symmetry: another variant of semantic symmetry is called contrastive symmetry which the elements of two sides of symmetry are in semantic contrast with each other. Contrastive symmetry is found in Nafast alMasdur but not as extensive as synonymic symmetry processing. Lexical symmetry processing: lexicon or word is a set of phonemic, semantic and inflectional patterns. Therefore, the repetition of the same word is called lexical or word symmetry processing and it seems that the repetition of units larger than words i.e. group, clause and sentence can also be reviewed in lexical symmetry processing and there is no need to add other titles for these reviews. There are two kinds of lexical symmetry processing in Nafsat alMasdur : “the repetition of Word” and “lexical recirculation”; however, lexical recirculation is so rare in this work. Syntactical symmetry processing: the repetition of syntactical symmetry processing is called syntactical symmetry processing. This kind of symmetry processing could at least be divided and categorized to two subsidiary branches: A: Similar syntactical arrangement: in this kind of symmetry processing, syntactical pattern of a sentence is repeated in another sentence; this means that these two sentences have a similar syntactical arrangement. Nesoy, the author, in Nafsat alMasdur has used this kind of syntactical symmetry processing many times in this book. B: The repetition of Role: another variant of syntactical symmetry processing is that one or more than one role shall be repeated in a sentence. In this case, symmetries are close together and usually they are interconnected with a reference “and”. This kind of syntactical symmetry processing has been used many times in this book, too. Rhetorical symmetry processing: we accept the rhetorical structure as one of the linguistic structures that can transfer language into the area of literature and call the symmetry processing resulted from the repetition of this kind of structure or patterns “rhetorical symmetry processing”. Poets and authors apply rhetorical structures as a tool of symmetry processing using two methods “similarity” and coornament” both of which have considerable and many applications in Nafsatal Masdur. A: Similarity: symmetry processing based on simile and similarity is so vast and various. Many kinds of simile like reverse simile, mass simile, adjustment simile, covered simile and subtrahend simile, complex simile and allegory simile are all formed by symmetry processing. B: Coornament: the second kind of rhetorical symmetry processing is coornament and coornament is so that the author or poet applies similar ornaments in two phrases or two hemistich or two verses. If coornament is particularly well balanced formed, i.e. every ornament is in a wellbalanced status with its symmetry, shows the capabilities and skills of its creator.