بررسي و تفسير رمزگان‌هاي متني در داستان طوطي و بازرگان مثنوي

Interpretive analysis of the textual codes in the Parrot and Merchant story

روايت‌شناسي شاخه‌اي از نشانه‌شناسي است كه با هر نوع روايت، اعم از ادبي يا غيرادبي، كلامي يا ديداري داستاني يا غيرداستاني، سروكار دارد و به دنبال آن است كه واحدهاي كمينه روايت و به اصطلاح «دستور پيرنگ» را مشخص كند. يكي از نكات مهم در بررسي روايت تفسير رمزگان متني است كه بر اساس آن مي‌توان به بسياري از معاني پوشيده پي‌برد. مولوي در مثنوي نكات عرفاني را در قالب روايت‌هايي بيان مي‌كند. اگرچه در اولين بررسي، هدف نويسنده و تفسير داستان مشخص مي‌شود، تمام هدف گوينده همان معناي ساده نيست، بلكه مفاهيم متعدد و گوناگون در هر حكايت نهفته است. با بررسي رمزگان روايت مي‌توان به بسياري از معاني پنهان دست يافت. در اين پژوهش، كوشش مي‌شود داستان طوطي و بازرگان مثنوي، كه از معروف‌ترين داستان‌هاي مثنوي است، بر اساس رمزگان روايي تحليل شود.

Abstract Narratology is a brunch of semiology which considers any kind of narrative, literary or non literary, verbal or visual, story or non story and after this specifies the plot. One of the most important subjects in narratology is the interpretation of textual cods which based on can be understood a lot of hidden meanings. Molavi expresses a lot of mystic points in Mathnavi in narrative form which some of his ideas can be realized in the first study but these ideas aren’t all of subjects which he wants to say and a complex of different meaning is hidden in any narrative which can be revealed by consideration of cods.     In terminology of semiology, code is a special situation in historical process of all of indexes and signs which specified for synchronized analyze. In review of literary texts textual cods are more important. Textual cods are the cods which their ambit is more extended than few special text and links these texts to each other in an interpretational form. Aesthetic cods are a group of textual cods which are used in different arts like: poem, painting, theater, music and so on.       The style of expression of aesthetic cods is the same style of art and literature. In the review of Mathnavi's narratives paying attention to narrative cods and using them can be considered as paralinguistic signs. Narrative cods contain interpretational form which used by authors and commentators of texts. In the story of parrot and merchant the textual cods are as follows:   Parrot: in this story parrot is a symbolic code which shows all of human soul's features.   Merchant: in this story merchant act as a cultural code which indicates rich who always are solicitous about their finance and are unaware of spiritual world.    India: in this story India as a signifier code indicates spiritual world. Hermeneutic cods   Molana uses codes which act as turning point and addressed can understand hidden meanings which haven’t expressed obviously. For example merchant's journey and parrot's demand for delivering its enthusiasm to the other parrots can reveal multiple meaning for addressed. Succession of signifiers A way of analyzing of signification is considering to Succession of signifiers. In the stories in Mathnavi whose source is known some there are some signifiers which are absent or supplanted. Comparison of omitted or supplanted signifiers to the main source can be useful for revealing different signified or meanings.   A group of absent signified are related to time and space. Although, in comparison to Sanayi and Attar, Molana tells story whit all of details, it seems he doesn't mention places deliberately. In his idea mystic thoughts and subjects aren’t limited to a special group or land. When mans' hearts close together they are considered as one nation.   One of the important different between Molana and Sanayi and Attar in narrative is that Molana expands stories and whit using subsidiary stories, interpretations and  explanation in the main story prolong the narrative vice versa in works of Sanayi and Attar all of the story is narrated in some verses. This prolonging is either in the fabula or in the syuzhet.      Besides to codes paying attention to syntax of narrative is important. Mathnavi's stories are like a prolonged sentence which have different parts of a sentence and also have some subordinate sentences. In the story of parrot and merchant each one of this two characters act as a noun in a sentence. In the syntax of this story, in comparison to other parts of sentences, adjective is less indication and on the other hand the verb is emphasized. In Molana's language parrot signifies to rational soul and because it is the subject of sentence all of story is about it. After it the cage and escaping of parrot from it is the main signified of narrative and poet's target. Therefore Molana's purpose of this story is encouraging addressed to easing the soul from the cage and this cage is world. By prolonging of the sentence the importance of other parts of story is obvious gradually and also this matter that how man can get free. In this analyzing we understand that Mathnavi which is one of the most prominent texts in narrating for teaching the people is a suitable basing for narratological analysis to understanding the conception of text and poet's thoughts. By narratological analysis of the story of parrot and merchant it is revealed that although the main poet's purpose is understood at first glance, more accurate analysis is necessary for understanding  the other points of view which are the poet's idea about world, soul and its enthusiasm for getting free and reach to the other world.