بررسي هوّيت « ابوالفرج بن جوزي »بنابر اشارات سعدي در گلستان

Saadi's hints in expressing Ebne Jowzi 's identity in Golestan

سعدي در گلستان اشاره كرده كه تحت تربيت « ابن جوزي » قرار گرفته است. برخي گفته اند ابن جوزي مذكور، ابن جوزي اول ( متوفاي 597 ) نيست، بلكه نوه ي اوست كه همان نام را داشته و در سال 656 كشته شده است. براي اثبات اين رأي دليل خاصي ارائه نشده بلكه صرفاً يك حدس و اظهار نظر است. ولي قرائني در حكايت گلستان وجود دارد كه نشان مي دهد ابن جوزي مذكور همان ابن جوزي اول ( متوفاي 597 ) است. اين قرائن و شواهد ـ در اين نوشتار ـ با استفاده از منابع تاريخي، كتب تراجم و ديگر منابع مورد بحث و بررسي و تحليل قرار گرفته است؛ همگي منابع، قرائن ارائه شده را تأييد و به تبع آن اين را كه ابن جوزي مذكور ابن جوزي اول است ثابت مي كند. وجود جمله ي « رحمه الله عليه » براي ابن جوزي، لقبِ « شيخ » و عنوانِ « ابوالفرج بن جوزي » كه هر دو مخصوص ابن جوزي اول بوده، فاصله ي سنّي بين سعدي و ابن جوزي ( كه بايد فاصله ي معقولي با هم داشته بوده باشند)، و اين كه ابن جوزي دوم صرفاً مدرِّس فقه حنبلي بوده، و اشاره ي ابن جوزي اول در كتاب هايش به موضوعاتي شبيه آنچه در حكايت گلستان آمده است، از جمله ي اين قرائن است؛ كه همگي با وضعيّت و شخصيّت ابن جوزي اول همخواني دارد ولي با شخصيّت ابن جوزي دوم ـ مطابق توضيحات و توصيفاتي كه در منابع در مورد او آمده ـ همخواني ندارد.

Abstract It is not clear when Sa'adī is born. Some have guessed that Sa'adī is probably born in early seventh century. They relied on a story in second chapter of Golestan in which Sa'adī was before Ebne Jozi and was guided by him and it has been said that the mentioned Ebne Jozi in Golestan is not the famous Ebne Jozi (known as Abol Rahman ben Ali, died 597 hijri) rather this Ebne Jozi is known as Abol Rahman ben Mohyedin Yusef and grandson of Ebne Jozi I who was killed in the fall of Baghdad in 656. There has been no proof for this view. But the evidences in Golestan Hikayat show that this Ebne Jozi is the same Ebne Jozi I (died in 597 hijri). The historical references of presented proof confirm this Ebne Jozi. On the basis of these evidences, Ebne Jozi I has died before writing Golestan. He was known and called as Sheykh. Many people have been present in his meetings and he was older than Sa'adī. There are some similarities between Ebne Jozi’s sayings and Golestan and all of these are proved by the Golestan Hikayat. But Ebne Jozi II was killed at the same year Golestan was written. He was not Sheykh. He was as old as Sa'adī and it is not clear that which one was older. He was teaching Hanbali Figh and Golestan Hikayat does not prove these cases.