تبيين شكاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان نسبت به الگوي همسرگزيني در شهر كوهدشت

Explanation the Gap in Womens Behavior and Attitudes Toward Pattern of Mate Selection in Kouhdasht

در طول چند دهه‌ گذشته نوسازي اثرات غير قابل انكاري بر رخساره زندگي اجتماعي انسان از جمله خانواده و ازدواج گذاشته است. با توجه به ماهيت متفاوت اجتماعات انساني، انتظار نمي‏رود كه تغييرات در همه‌ جوامع به طرز يكساني ظاهر شده باشد. هدف از اين مقاله بررسي و تبيين شكاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان در خصوص الگوي همسرگزيني در بستر اقتصادي ـ اجتماعي و فرهنگي شهر كوهدشت است. ساكنان اين منطقه از نظر تركيب قومي و فرهنگي لُر و لَك هستند. فقر مطالعات در زمينه‌ الگوهاي همسرگزيني در ميان زنان اين گروه قومي ضرورت اين مطالعه را اجتناب‌ناپذير مي‌سازد. داده‌ها حاصل پيمايشي است كه در فروردين 1392 بر نمونه‌اي بالغ بر 395 زن دست‌كم يكبار ازدواج‌ كرده‌ ساكن در خانوارهاي معمولي شهر كوهدشت انجام شد. روش نمونه‏گيري تركيبي از روش‏هاي خوشه‏اي چند مرحله‌اي، تصادفي و تصادفي سيستماتيك است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه نگرش بيش از نيمي از زنان، متفاوت از تجربه‌ آن‌ها در خصوص انتخاب همسر است. بر پايه اين بررسي، پايگاه اقتصادي ـ اجتماعي زنان، وضعيت اشتغال، سن ازدواج، پايبندي به ارزش‏هاي خانواده بزرگ و استقلال زنان، بيشترين تأثير را در تبيين شكاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان نسبت به الگوي انتخاب همسر دارند. نتايج بيانگر اين واقعيت است كه تركيبي از مشخصه‌هاي اقتصادي ـ اجتماعي، جمعيتي و عوامل و زمينه‌هاي قومي ـ فرهنگي تبيين بهتري از شكاف در رفتار و نگرش زنان نسبت به الگوهاي همسرگزيني به دست مي‌دهد.

INTRODUCTION: One of the main challenges of societies in transition is the challenge between tradition and modernity especially in the area of family. Modernization through increasing individual awareness and knowledge, led to changes in societies value and normative systems. These changes are also evident in values and attitudes related to family, marriage and the way of mate selection. During the last few decades, modernization has undeniable impacts on human social life, including marriage and family. Due to different nature of human societies, it is not expected that changes in all societies appeared in the same way. The study of womens behavior and attitudes in the fields related to marriage can help to more deeply understanding and predicting the changes in their behavior and attitudes and projection the probabilistic mate selection patterns in the future. Iran is a multiethnic society. Ethnic groups are one of the appropriate contexts to study demographic and sociocultural changes at the society. The aim of this paper is to study and explain the gap in womens behavior and attitude toward patterns of mate selection in socialeconomic and cultural context of Kouhdasht. Residents of this region ethnically and culturally are belongs to Lor and Lak ethnic groups.  Poverty of studies about marriage patterns among women of these ethnic groups necessitates this study inevitable.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of this research have been taken from a survey conducted on a sample of 395 ever married women living in ordinary households in the city of Kouhdasht in April 2013. The sampling frame of the survey is a combination of sampling techniques including multistage cluster, systematic random sampling method. The independent variables included womens socioeconomic status, age at the time of survey, place of birth, religious values, womens autonomy, individualism, attitudes toward gender equity, and Metaphysical attitudes to marriage. The dependent variable is the gap in behavior and attitude of women toward mate selection. This variable was measured as a dichotomous variable. In order to determine the effect of each independent variable, the logistic regression model was used.       DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results show that the attitude of more than half of women is different than their experience regarding mate selection. Slightly more than 56 percent of women are those who appropriate another way for mate selection by their daughter rather than ones they had experienced. The direction of the gap index shows that the pattern of mate selection has been changed toward participatory and individual selection respectively. Findings indicate that the under scrutiny population have not experienced the deepest layers of modernization and women believes that family should continue to play a role for mate selection along with individuals. Results of multivariate analysis show that socioeconomic status of women was significantly associated with probability of the gaps in the behavior and attitude of women toward mate selection. That is with increasing of socioeconomic status of women, the odds of having gap between behavior and attitude of women rises. Moreover, the probability of having the gap between behavior and attitude of employed women toward mate selection was 25 times bigger than for unemployed counterparts. Controlling for the cultural characteristics indicates that among cultural variables, commitment to big family values and womens autonomy was significant and respectively increase and decrease the likelihood of having the gap between womens behavior and attitudes toward mate selection. According to this study, socioeconomic status of women, employment status, age at marriage, commitment to big family values, and womens autonomy has greatest impact in explaining the gap in womens behavior and attitude toward mate selection. The results indicate that the combination of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and ethniccultural backgrounds gives better explanation of the gape in womens behavior and attitudes toward mate selection patterns. Based on the results it can be said that modernization forces in interaction with social structures and ethniccultural factors have different effects on marriage patterns at different sociocultural contexts