نقش سبك‌هاي هويتي در تبيين هويت ملي (مورد مطالعه دانشجويان دانشگاه اصفهان)

Investigating the Role of Identity Styles in Explaining National Identity (Case Study: Students of the University of Isfahan)

ميزان هويت ملي در ميان اقشار جوان و نخبه دانشگاهي يكي از دغدغه‌هاي پيش روي دولت‌ها و جوامع چند فرهنگي همچون ايران است. اين مسأله يعني ميزان احساس تعلق خاطر و آگاهي نسبت به مؤلفه‌هاي سازنده هويت ملي نيازمند بررسي معرف‌ها و عوامل روان‌شناختي، فرهنگي، جامعه‌شناختي و سياسي تأثيرگذار برآن به ويژه در ميان نسل‌هاي سوم و چهارم انقلاب است. به همين منظور پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد با رويكردي تازه مبين‌هاي روان‌شناختي و جامعه شناختي هويت ملي را از دريچه سبك‌هاي هويتي بازبيني كند. چارچوبي كه به زعم نظريه‌پردازان آن، افراد تجارب زندگي خود را متناسب با آن، معنا و تفسير مي‌كنند و اهداف زندگي خود را تعيين مي‌كنند. به نظر مي‌رسد نوع كاوش، جستجو، تعهد و تصميم‌گيري درباره آن‌چه بايد ارزش‌ها، باورها و اهداف ملي باشند و به دنبال آن، درگير شدن كنش‌ها، تكاليف و انتخاب‌هاي مهم سياسي و اجتماعي افراد؛ بتواند ميزان هويت ملي در ميان دانشجويان را تبيين كند. لذا سؤال اصل اين است كه آيا سبك‌هاي هويتي مي‌تواند هويت ملي دانشجويان را پيش‌بيني كند و احتمالاً كدام سبك يا سبك‌هاي هويتي با افزايش و يا كاهش احساس و آگاهي نسبت به تاريخ، سياست، فرهنگ و اجتماع افراد در ارتباط است؟ پاسخي كه مي‌تواند از طريق مطالعه بين رشته‌اي، راه حل‌هايي را براي افزايش هويت ملي دانشجويان بازنمايي كند. روش به كار رفته در اين پژوهش از نوع پيمايشي است كه در ميان244 نفراز دانشجويان دانشگاه اصفهان در سال تحصيلي9394 انجام گرديد. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهد سبك‌هاي هويتي مي‌تواند تا 31درصد از هويت ملي دانشجويان را تبيين كند. در اين ميان سبك هنجاري بيشترين تأثير مثبت و هم‌افزا را داشت و سبك اجتنابي در جهت كاهش هويت ملي دانشجويان عمل كرد. اين در حالي است كه خودبسندگي، اكتشاف و جستجوگري فعالانه يعني سبك هويتي اطلاعاتي نتوانست نقش معناداري در جهت افزايش يا كاهش هويت ملي ايفا كند.

Introduction The degree of national identity among academic youth and elite classes is one of the concerns facing governments and multicultural societies such as Iran. This issue, i.e. the degree of sense of belongingness and awareness of components constructing national identity requires investigating psychological, cultural, sociological, and political factors affecting it particularly among the third and fourth generations of the Revolution. Accordingly, the present study is to revise psychological and sociological representations of national identity with a new approach from the perspective of identity styles; the framework in which according to its theorists, individuals interpret their own life experiences appropriate to it and determine their life objectives based on it. It seems that the type of investigation, search, commitment, and decision making about what should be as national values, beliefs, and objectives, and consequently, involvement in important political and social actions, duties, and selections of individuals, can explain the degree of national identity among students. Therefore, the main question of the present study is whether identity styles and predict students’ national identity and which identity style or styles are related with the increase or decrease of individuals’ feeling and awareness of history, politics, culture, and society? The answer can represents some solutions in line with increasing students’ national identity via interdisciplinary studies.Material & MethodsThe method employed in the present study is the survey research. Participants were 244 students of the University of Isfahan in 20142015 (mean age = 22.96 years; 119 female )who completed tow questionnaires: first was identity styles Inventory (ISI6G) that Berzonsky(1992) Offered in his Discuss, and The second questionnaire is estimated national identity that Rabbani et al.( 2009) applied in their research. As well as Pearson correlation, analysis variance model (ANOVA), and multivariate regression used to analyze the data.Discussion of Results & ConclusionsFindings of the research indicate that identity styles can explain up to 31% of students’ national identity. Accordingly, the normative style has the highest positive and synergistic effect, and avoidant style acts in line with the reduction in students’ national identity. This is while selfsufficiency, exploration and active probe, i.e. informational identity style cannot play the significant role for increasing or decreasing national identity. Thus, This study is consistent with those theories that believe that National identity is a concept planed, institutional and Constitutive and determined by oral and formal structures such as the family, schools, and government, So, in this research, national identity is produced and made in social structures For those who have normative style, they have National identity higher than the other styles. It can predict Up to 50 percent of national identity. In normative style, we expect that Individuals give mining about their Country, nation, nationality, culture, history and local values under the influence of authority and social structures. Also results indicated that differences in mean score of identity styles. Min score in avoidant style more than others and up to average. Also it can Decline national Identity in the Students of the University. It seams that person unresolved crisis in youth and adolescence unable to reflect and emergence her/his commitment and sense about national identity. This category of people haven’t Cognitive stability of national values, to solve social and personal problems and often their burdens and responsibilities halfabandoned.This study demonstrated that identity styles contributed to Increase and decrease In national identity with  normative style and avoidant style  Among students of the University, so The study recommended that  Public, formal, and training institutions especially University administrators should adopt strategies that strengthen the national value with nice voice, Image  and Context. In this time, the  Governments cannot defend its territorial integrity and national values only with military force, but According to the mental boundaries of its citizens and strengthen the sense of belonging to local and national elements is necessary.