بررسي تفويض ولايت از سوي فقيه و لزوم احراز عدالت مديران

The Study of Delegation of Authority by the Jurisdiction and the Necessity of Sustaining the Justice by the Managers

مشروعيت مناصب و مسئوليت‏ها در نظام جمهوري اسلامي ايران از ولي‏فقيه جامع‏الشرايط است. بااين‏حال، آيا ولايت از سوي فقيه به كارگزاران تفويض مي‌شود و مديريت‌ها ولايي مي‌شوند يا خير؟ دراين‏ميان، دو فرض اساسي وجود دارد: اول آنكه، ولايت از سوي فقيه تفويض مي‌شود و مديريت‌ها از جنس ولايت هستند. اين فرض عمدتاً بر اين مبتني است كه مسئوليت‌ها، امانت‏هاي الهي‌اند كه بايد به اهلش واگذار شوند و شرايط اهليت، لزوم عدالت و تقواست و عدالت در فقه، ملازم با ولايت است. پس مسئوليت‌ها از جنس ولايت‏اند و ولايت از فقيه به مديران تفويض مي‌شود. ليكن ملازمه‏اي ميان لزوم تقوا و عدالت و ثبوت ولايت وجود ندارد و امانت بودن با ثبوت ولايت ملازمه‏اي نداشته، مديريت‌ها ولايي نيستند و عدالت نيز شرط تصدي آنها نيست. در قانون اساسي نيز احراز عدالت و تقوا در مديران ـ جز رئيس‏جمهور ـ شرط نيست. در نتيجه، فرض تفويض ولايت، منتفي است. در فرض دوم، ولايت ويژه ولي‏فقيه است و وي از طريق كارگزاران، اعمال ولايت مي‌كند و ولايت به مديران تفويض نمي‌شود. برخي فقها بر نفي ولايت اداري تصريح كرده‌اند؛ ضمن آنكه تفويض ولايت و تسري آن به همه مديران، تالي‏فاسدي دارد كه التزام به آن صحيح نخواهد بود. روش تحقيق كتابخانه‏اي و تحليلي است.

The legitimacy of positions and responsibilities within the system of Islamic republic of Iran is achieved by the qualified supreme leader. The question is whether Wilayat or authority is delegated from the jurisprudent to the agents and whether the managements are Wilayat dependent or not. In the hypothesis related to the delegation or Wilayatdependent managements, the permit of women’s management is challenged and the selection of human resources will be such a difficult task since the justice of managers should be sustained and disagreement with managers should be considered as a religious offense. Meanwhile, there are two fundamental hypotheses in this regard: the first is that Wilayat is delegated by the jurisprudent and managements are Wilayat dependent. This hypothesis is based on the fact that responsibilities are considered the divine deposit which should be trusted to the appropriate people and the provision of appropriateness is the necessity of justice and piousness, also the justice within the jurisprudence is accompanied with Wilayat. Accordingly the responsibilities are Wilayat dependent and Wilayat is delegated by the jurisprudent to the managers. However, there is no necessity for the piousness or justice to be accompanied with steadiness of authority and no necessity for the deposit to be accompanied with the steadiness of authority or Wilayat, managements are not dependent on Wilayat and justice is not prerequisite for them. In the constitution, the providence of justice and faithfulness of the mangers except the president is not considered as a requirement. Hence, the hypothesis related to the delegation of Wilayat is canceled. In the second hypothesis Wilayat is specifically related to the supreme leader and he executes Wilayat by the agents and Wilayat or authority is not assigned to the managers. Some managers have declared the denial of official authority while the delegation of authority and its generalization to the managers is of displeasing consequences and observing it is not approved. The research has been done through the library and analytical method.