تحليل جامعه شناختي قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي‌ با تأكيد بر نظريه كنترل اجتماعي (مطالعه موردي:جوانان شهر نكا)

The Sociological Analysis of Lawbreaking in Driving with Emphasis on Theory of Social Control (Case Study: Neka Youths)

نظم اجتماعي اساس برقراي هر جامعه است. اطاعت از قواعد اجتماعي براي تداوم نظم از اهميت برخوردار است. چرا كه عدم اطاعت از قواعد اجتماعي هزينه‌هاي مختلفي را براي جامعه درپي خواهد داشت. يكي از اين قواعد مربوط به رانندگي است. امروزه قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي با توجه به نقش اساسي عامل انساني در تصادفات به عنوان مسأله‌اي اجتماعي در جامعه ما مد نظر قرار گرفته است. از اين رو اين تحقيق با تأكيد بر نظريه كنترل اجتماعي به تحليل قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي در بين جوانان پرداخته است. روش انجام اين تحقيق پيمايش و جامعه آماري نيز جوانان 18 تا 35 سال شهر نكا بوده است. تعداد نمونه 400 نفر و انتخاب نمونه نيز به روش خوشه‌اي چند مرحله‌اي صورت گرفته است. اطلاعات از طريق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمع‌آوري گرديد. تحليل اطلاعات تحقيق از طريق دو نرم‌افزار spss و Amos انجام پذيرفت. آزمون همبستگي نشان داد كه بين ميزان تحصيلات، درآمد و سابقه رانندگي فرد با قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي رابطه معني‌دار و معكوس وجود دارد. همچنين بين ابعاد وضعيت پيوند اجتماعي (اعتقاد به قانون، مشاركت اجتماعي، پيوستگي اجتماعي، تعهد اجتماعي) و قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي رابطه معني‌دار و معكوس وجود دارد. همچنين خود كنترلي پايين، تأثير مثبتي در تخلف از قوانين رانندگي دارد. رابطه بين سازه كنترل بيروني (رسمي و غير رسمي) و قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي معني دارد و معكوس بوده است. همچنين نتايج آزمون مدل ساختاري نشان مي‌دهد كه مدل نظري تحقيق از برازش برخوردار بوده و متغيرهاي حاضر در مدل توانسته‌اند 31 درصد از تغييرات متغير وابسته (قانون‌گريزي در رانندگي) را تبيين كنند.

Introduction Social order is base of perpetuity in every society. Social order is basis for development and stability in every society. The order base on social norms. The norms disregard by persons to different reasons. The obeying the social rules are important for continuing of order. Because, disobeying the social rules contain many costs for society.one of this rules pertain to the driving. Today, lawbreaking in driving has viewed as social problem in our society with attending to important role of human factor in accident.so this research has explained lawbreaking in driving with emphasis on theory of social control among youths. Therefore weak of social control in society can issue disorder or law evasion. Inner and outer control, as told Hierdi, affect in obeying the law. When social control is weak, persons may deviate from the law. We confront with obeying the law when formal and informal social control is strong.in this perspective, low selfcontrol affect lawbreaking too. Low selfcontrol, as indicator of inner control, increase lawbreaking totally and lawbraking in driving specially.  In this research, law breaking explains as indicator of soft lawevasion. The research is presented a new classification from law evasion. It is differed between soft and hard law evasion. This research explains soft law evasion. The soft law evasion is each behavior that disregards formal law in society and also is nonviolent, occasionally, and often without punishment or weak punishment. According to the research, when social control is weak in society; it reduces youth’s law abidingness. Enforcement of social control among youth increase lawobeying in driving among them.  Material & Methods The method in the research is survey and statistical society is 1835 year in Neka city. Data has collected by questionnaire from 400 persons by multilevel clustering sampling. Data analysis has don by spss and Amos package. Dependent variable is law breaking in driving. This variable is assessed by 10 questions. All of questions are computed and then it is used as interval variable in the analysis. Independent variables are assessed as internal variables too .after bivariate analysis by Pierson statistic, final analysis is done by Amos package. Structural equation modeling is used for examining theoretical model.it is a confirmative method that asses fitness of theoretical model with sample data. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results demonstrate that correlation between education, income and driving background with lawbreaking in driving is meaningful and reverse. Also correlation between dimensions of social bonding construct (believe to law, social involvement, social attachment, social commitment) with lawbreaking in driving is meaningful and reverse. Also low selfcontrol has positive effect on dependent variable. The correlation between social control (formal and informal) with dependent variable is meaningful and reverse. Also, the result of structural modeling examination illustrate that model is fit. All of variables in model could explain 29% variation of dependent variable. The result illustrate that social control has key role in performing order in every society.in fact, when social bonding among youth be strong, they rather  pretend to obey from social norms. Of course, we must not neglect that formal social control is always necessary in society too.   The results of research indicate below proposes in reduce lawbreaking in driving: Reinforcement of control institutions for proper encounter with law breaking in driving. Correction and refresh of control and prevention law in scope of driving law. Effort forward making lawobeying citizen that sensitize lawbreaking. To inform to youth about law in schools and university. Reinforcement of participatory institutions and councils in scope of lawobeying citizenship. Reinforcement of social bonding among youths by educational and cultural programs.