نقش و عملكرد توانمندسازي روستاييان در كارآفريني مناطق روستايي (مطالعه موردي: بخش مركزي شهرستان هشترود)

The Role and Function of Entrepreneurship Empowerment of Villagers in Rural Areas (Case Study: Central Part of Hashtroud)

توسعه فعّاليّت هاي كارآفريني در مناطق روستايي بايد بر اساس ظرفيّت ها و پتانسيل هاي موجود در روستاها صورت گيرد تا به موفّقيّت دست يابد و از هدر رفت سرمايه و زمان جلوگيري شود. كمك به توسعه روستاها و خروج از مسائل و مشكلات جاري در زمينه هاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي – فرهنگي و زيست محيطي نيازمند گرايش به عرصه هاي كارآمد است، يكي از اين عرصه ها، كارآفريني است كه در جهان امروزي همواره مورد تأكيد بوده و گاه قرن 21 را به عنوان قرن كارآفرينان نام برده اند. يكي از مهم ترين راهكارها در جهت توسعه روستايي پايدار، رشد و توسعه كارآفريني روستايي است. روش اين پژوهش، پيمايشي و به شيوه بررسي مقطعي است.جامعه آماري تحقيق، شامل كلّيّه كارآفرينان با حداقل پنج سال سابقه موفّقيّت آميز كارآفريني استو تعداد تعيين شده براي نمونه‌ها بر اساس فرمول كوكران 44 نفر از 54 نفر كارشناسان شاغل به تحصيل يا تدريس در دانشگاه هاي كشور كه از تسلّط آنان بر مباحث كارآفريني و مشاركت اطمينان حاصل شد، است؛ و به علّت وجود محدوديت در حضور كارآفريناني كه مطابق با حداقل معيارها بتوان آنان را كارآفرين قلمداد نمود،تعداد 63 نفر كارآفرين فعّال در روستاهاي بخش مركزي هشترود در اين تحقيق مشاركت داده شدند. روش گردآوري داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه و توسّط نرم‌افزار SPSS مورد تحليل قرار گرفت.نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه در مجموع، روستاهاي مورد مطالعه، نسبت به شاخص هاي مؤلّفه شخصي كه در چهار بُعد مورد بررسي قرار گرفت، روستاييان در گرايش به فعّاليّت هاي كارآفرينانه بيشتر با گرايش به تأمين اميال و برداشت هاي فردي خود كه در غالب گويه هايي همانند كسب سود، كسب اعتبار اجتماعي و... مطرح بوده، به رويكرد كارآفريني علاقه داشته‌اند.

Abstract This study is based on the purpose of application aiming to develop the dimensions and factors affecting the ability of rural people in order to develop their entrepreneurship. The present study investigate the role of empowerment of villagers in the entrepreneurship development, a case study of villagers in the central part of Hashtroud. As a matter of fact, the development of the villages and leaving the present problems in economic, socialcultural and environmental ground needs the tendency toward efficient arenas. One of these arenas is entrepreneurs which has been emphasized in the world. 21 century is called the century of entrepreneur’s century. One of the most important strategies for sustainable rural development is the development of rural entrepreneurship.Method: The approach of this research is survey with cross sectional study. The study population included all entrepreneurs with a history of successful entrepreneurship is at least five years. The foundation of their work is based on innovation. Because of limitations in the presence of the entrepreneurs that they comply with the minimum criteria could be considered entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs active in the area of which 63 people were involved in this study.Findings: The results showed that in all the villages studied, personal component of the index, which was evaluated in four dimensions Villagers tend to be more entrepreneurial activities tend to meet their individual desires and perceptions that prevail items such as profits, business and social prestige have been raised are interested in entrepreneurial approach. 1Introduction Entrepreneurship, as a socioeconomic phenomenon, is affected by different factors. Economic conditions have been known as the cause for entrepreneurship by some experts who believe that entrepreneurship is the major force of economic development in village and it is along with change, innovation and production services Entrepreneurship is one of the activities which can resolve many major challenges (such as unemployment, low income, lack of economic diversity and etc.) in rural areas and also has positive impacts on other aspects of villagers’ life. Entrepreneurship has assumed prime importance, both in research and in action, for accelerating economic growth. An entrepreneur is a critical factor who strives to reorient the national strategies and bring out the desired changes in the development pattern. Contrary to the earlier belief that entrepreneurs are a special creed and are born with special traits, entrepreneurship can be cultivated through proper training and financial support. An entrepreneur is a catalyst who can mobilize different resources and put them on effective use. This study is a kind of practical one, for it is based on the development of the dimensions and factors affecting the ability of rural people to develop entrepreneurship. The present study investigate the role of empowerment of villagers in the entrepreneurship development, a case study of villagers in the central part of Hashtroud. As a matter of fact, the development of the villages and leaving the present problems in economic, socialcultural and environmental ground needs the tendency toward efficient arenas. One of these arenas is entrepreneurs which has been emphasized in the world. 21 century is called the century of entrepreneur’s century. One of the most important strategies for sustainable rural development is the development of rural entrepreneurship. 2Materials and Methods This study is a qualitative one. Library and digital studies have been applied to collect information from resources and reliable documents. Research scope in this study is the role and function of entrepreneurship empowerment of villagers in rural areas. The approach of this research is a survey with cross sectional study. The study population includes all entrepreneurs with a history of successful entrepreneurship of at least five years. The foundation of their work is based on innovation. Because of limitations in the presence of the entrepreneurs that they comply with the minimum criteria could be considered entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs active in the area of which 63 people were involved in this study. 3Results and Discussion Development of the society is directly related to the income generation capacity of its members. With agriculture, as the key income generation activity, the entrepreneurship based on farm and home can directly affect the income of a major chunk of our population. The growth of modernization processes such as industrialization; globalization; urbanization and migration further encourage it. Entrepreneurship on small scale is the only solution to the problems of unemployment and proper utilization of both human and nonhuman resources and improving the living conditions of the poor masses. The need for and growth of rural industries has become essential in a country like Iran because of the following reasons: 1. rural industries generate largescale employment opportunities in the rural sector, as most of the rural industries are labor intensive. 2. Rural industries are capable of checking rural urban migration by developing more and more rural industries. 3. Rural industries/entrepreneurship help to improve the per capital income of rural people thereby reduces the gaps and disparities in income of rural and urban people. 4. Rural entrepreneurship controls concentration of industry in cities and thereby promotes balanced regional growth in the economy. 5. Rural entrepreneurship facilitates the development of roads, street lighting, drinking water etc. in the rural sector due to their accessibility to the main market. 6. Rural entrepreneurship can reduce poverty, growth of slums, pollution in cities and ignorance of inhabitants. 7. Rural entrepreneurship creates an avenue for rural educated youth to promote it as a career. The results showed that in all the studied villages, personal component of the index, which was evaluated in four dimensions, Villagers tend to be more entrepreneurial, activities tend to meet their individual desires and perceptions that prevail items such as profits, business and social prestige are interested in entrepreneurial approach. 4Conclusion Creating a cooperative management area in villages can be stepped in rural development and entrepreneurship expansion. Sustainable rural entrepreneurship is a strategy for empowering and Creating capacity in rural areas in order to change the current pattern of life to an optimal human pattern, reducing the gap in the cityvillage, creating economic, social, environmental and institutional equalities. It is quite clear that rural entrepreneurship cannot be developed without significant training. Therefore, instead of just schemes (financial and developmental) as the carrot for entrepreneurship development, an intensive training needs to be provided to the youth in rural Hashtroud city. Rural entrepreneurship is the answer to removal of rural poverty in Hashtroud city. Therefore, there should be more stress on integrated rural development programs. Therefore preparation of economic and social environment in villages is very effective in recruitment of young and skilled manpower and specialist; and also expansion of agriculture activities as the main strategy to create and strengthen rural entrepreneurship in regard to sustainable development of these areas.