هندسه معرفت ديني فخرالدين رازي

The geometry of Fakhr AlDin Razi’s Religious Knowledge

فخر رازي در اوايل حيات علمي خود سخت از نقش عقل در حوزه دين دفاع مي‌كرد اما در دوران متأخر، بُرد عقل در حوزه الهيات را محدود دانسته و نقل و شهود را كارآمدترين ابزار مي داند. او برهان، قرآن و عرفان و به‌تعبيري دينداري و خردورزي را با هم قابل جمع مي‌بيند و به جايگاه برتر نقل و شهود اذعان مي كند، فهم دين را به‌وسيله عقل لازم و يكي از مهم‌ترين كاركردهاي عقل را فهم باورهاي ديني و رفع تعارض و تناقض از مدعيات ديني مي داند. تمام تعريف و تمجيدي كه رازي از جايگاه خِرَد و خردورزي به‌عمل مي آورد، به همين كاركرد عقل برمي‌گردد. در اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي‌ـ‌تحليلي و انتقادي به ترسيم هندسه معرفت ديني رازي پرداخته و ديدگاه وي در باب جايگاه هر يك از اضلاع اين شكل هندسي و چگونگي ترتّب آنها بر يكديگر مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و به اين نتيجه مي‌رسد كه هندسه معرفت ديني وي مثلثي است كه اضلاع آن را قرآن، عرفان و برهان تشكيل مي‌دهد. عقل نقش مقدماتي و مبنايي براي حصول معرفت متعالي قرآني و عرفاني دارد و كنار نهادن آن در هيچ مرحله‌اي موجّه نيست.

Fakhr AlDin Razi in his early scientific life has supported hardly the role of reason in the religious studies, but later he has limited his idea on applying of reason in theology and considered the transmitted sciences and intuition the most effective in religious understanding. Moreover, according to his opinion, proof, Quran and Mysticism and on the other words, faithfulness and Wisdom can be integrated. He has also admitted that the transmitted sciences and intuition are the best way to understand the religious issues. Accordingly, rational understanding of the religion is necessary and one of the most important functions of reason is to elucidate religious beliefs and resolve the oppositions and contradictions in the religious claims. Razi has only admired and praised reason and wisdom for this function. This research, by descriptiveanalytic method and critical approach is going to draw the geometry of Razi’s religious knowledge, studying his point of view about the position of each side of the geometric shape and how they affecting each other. Finally, it concludes that his geometry of religious knowledge is like a triangle that its sides are including: Quran, Mysticism and proof. The reason has the primary and basic role to achieve the Quranic and mystical transcendental knowledge which never can be left.