لمحة عن الكسائي و خصائصه القرائية

An Investigation on al-Kisā’ī: His Character and Features of Recitation

علی بن حمزة الكسائی أحد القراء السبعة و رئیس مدرسة الكوفة النحویة. هو أدرك أكثر من خمسة و عشرین من الشیوخ فی النحو و القراءة و لم یسعد شیخ بكثرة تلامیذه كما سعد الكسائی. و یرجع كثیر من إختلافاته مع سائر القراء إلی أصول لفظیة لیس لها دخل فی تغییر معنی الآیة كالإمالة و الوقف علی هاء التأنیث و ترك الهمزة و قطع‌ها و فی أكثر مواضع الإختلاف بین الكسائی و الباقین، كانت قراءته وفق قراءة أستاذه حمزه الزیات. و نحاول فی هذه المقالة من خلال استقراء موارد قراءته، رسم ملامح شخصیة الكسائی العلمیة و هو یعلّل و یوجّه القراءات أو یردّها مستعیناً بالصرف و النحو و اللغة و البلاغة و رسم الخط و المأثور من القراءات.

Alī ibn Ḥamzah al-Kisā’ī is one of the seven reciters of the Qur’an (ghurā’ al-sab‘ah) and the chief of the grammar school (maktab al-naḥwī) in Kūfah. He was precepted by more than twenty-five grammar and recitation teachers to the extent that none of his teachers became as successful as him. Most of his disagreement with other reciters returns to the verbal rules which has nothing to do with the meaning of the verses; the word ’imālat, for example, is read, according to al-Kisā’ī, as containing a disjunctive glottal catch (hamzah) and a pause on the feminine marker (t). In most cases of disagreement between al-Kisā’ī and other reciters, al-Kisā’ī’s recitation accords with that of his teacher, Ḥamzah al-Ziyāt. The present article, investigates not only special cases in al-Kisā’ī’s recitation, but also his academic character as well as his types of arguments and justifications in support of his recitation, with the help of grammar, conjugation, rhetoric, vocabulary and orthography.