مناسبات سياسي و نظامي بربرها با خلفاي اموي اندلس (138-422ق.)

Berbers’ Political and Military Relationships with the Umayyad Caliphs of Andalusia (755-1031 AD)

جنگجويان بربر نقش مهمي در تجديد حيات خلافت اموي از زمان عبدالرحمن داخل (138-172 ق.) تا دوره خلافت ايفا كردند. ستاره اقبال آنان به جهت توانايي ها و ويژگي هاي نظامي در تمام دوره حكومت اموي فروزان بود و از اين رو برخي از آنان توانستند به فرماندهي سپاه اموي دست يابند و امرا و خلفاي اندلس براي مقابله با شورش ها از بربرها ياري مي گرفتند؛ اما انحصارطلبي و عرب گرايي حاكمان اموي موجب بروز اختلافاتي ميان اين دو شد كه تا واپسين روزهاي دوره اموي ادامه داشت و موجب انواع شورش هاي مذهبي، سياسي و قبيله اي از سوي بربرها شد. نوشتار حاضر به دنبال بررسي اين مسئله است كه مناسبات سياسي و نظامي بربرها با امويان اندلس چگونه بوده است؟ ارائه تصويري واقع بينانه در زمينه مناسبات سياسي و نظامي بربرها و حكومت اموي اندلس هدف مقاله حاضر است كه نيل بدان تنها از طريق توصيف و تحليل وقايع قابل انجام است و مي توان گفت روابط سياسي و نظامي بربرها با حكومت اموي به قدرت حاكم و منافع آنها مرتبط بوده است

Berber warriors had played an important role in revitalizing the Umayyad since the reign of Abdulrahman Daakhil up to the caliphate era (755-788 AD). Due to their military features and capabilities, Berbers always had a prominent position in all of Umayyad era and therefore, some of them were able to become commanders of Umayyad Army. Leaders and caliphs of Andalusia were assisted by Berbers to suppress the rebellions; however, the monopoly and Arabism of Umayyad rulers led to disputes between these two allies which continued until the last days of the Umayyad era, causing a variety of religious, political, and tribal riots by the Berbers. The present paper aims to explore the political and military relationships of the Berbers with the Umayyad of Andalusia. It attempts to present a realistic picture of Berbers’ political and military relationships with the Umayyad rulers of Andalusia. This objective is achieved only through describing and analyzing the events. It can be said that Berbers’ political and military ties with Umayyad rulers were related to the strength of the rulers and the interests of the barbarians.