جايگاه حق قسم در تحكيم كيان خانواده

مكانة حق القسم في تعزيز كيان الأسرة THE PLACE FOR THE RIGHT TO SWEAR FOR THE STABILIZATION OF THE FAMILY

نهاد قسم يك راهبرد شرعي براي تحكيم روابط زوجين و پيشگيري از انحلال نهاد خانواده است؛ زيرا اين حق با هدف تحقق حكمت هاي ويژه اي چون استيناس، عدالت، حسن معاشرت و آرامش زوجين تشريع شده است. بررسي ها نشان مي دهد حق قسم با هدف تحقق امور معنوي و عاطفي در روابط زوجين تشريع شده و حكمت هاي تشريع آن بين زوجين مشترك است و اصول اساسي تحكيم بنيان نهاد خانواده را تامين مي كند. مشهور فقها معتقدند حق قسم اختصاص به زوجات متعدد ندارد و زوجه واحده نيز از اين حق برخوردار است. لذا در فرض خانواده تك همسري نيز حق قسم، موجب تحكيم كيان خانواده مي شود. اين در حالي است كه بررسي منابع تقنيني، حاكي از خلأ جدي قانوني در ارتباط با حق قسم است؛ لذا در اين مقاله با روشي تحليلي- توصيفي، ابتدا حكمت هاي تشريع حق قسم و آثار مترتب بر آن بررسي مي شود، سپس جايگاه حق قسم در تحكيم كيان خانواده مورد تحليل قرار مي گيرد و در پايان با توجه به جايگاه ويژه حق قسم در تحكيم كيان خانواده، پيشنهادهاي قانوني مبتني بر منابع اصيل فقهي، در راستاي رفع خلأهاي قانوني حق قسم ارائه مي شود. اين پيشنهادها عبارتند از: پيش بيني نظارت حاكم بر اجراي حق قسم، جرم انگاري امتناع زوج از اجراي حق قسم، و طلاق حاكم.

The nature of the vow is an Islamic strategy for stabilizing relations between spouses and preventing the dissolution of the family institution. Because this right has been legislated for the realization of special wisdoms, for example familiarity, justice, good companionship and tranquility of couples. Studies show that the right to swear has been legislated with the goal of realizing spiritual and emotional affairs in the relations between spouses and the wisdom of legislation in a vow are common between spouses and provides the basic principles of the consolidation of the foundation of the family. Studies show that the right to swear with the goal of realizing spiritual and emotional affairs in the relations of the spouses is organized and its wisdom is coordinated between the couples and provides the basic principles for the consolidation of the family’s foundation. Famous jurists believe that the right to swear is not allocated polygyny and believe that one spouse has this right. Therefore, in monogamous families it is assumed that right to swear will strengthen the family. However, the review of legislative sources suggests that there is a serious legal gap in relation to the right of swear. Therefore, in this article wisdom of legislation in the right of swear and its consequences are examined using the Analytical-Descriptive Method, then for the right to swear in the consolidation of the family is analyzed, and in the end due to the special place for the right to swear in the stabilization of the family, legal proposals based on authentic sources of jurisprudence are presented in order to resolve the legal gap of the right to swear. These suggestions include: anticipation of the ruling governing the implementation of the right to swear, bethinking the couple's refusal to exercise the right to swear as being criminal, and divorce.