تاملي فقهي در حكم سرقت مادر از اموال فرزند

التأمل الفقهي في حكم سرقة الأم من أموال ولده A JURISPRUDENCE-BASED CONTEMPLATION IN THE ACT OF STEALING A MOTHER FROM THE CHILD'S PROPERTY

در فقه، مجازات جرم سرقت، به طور عام قطع عضو است و سرقت پدر از اموال فرزند از اين اصل كلي، مستثناست. به تبع اين استثنا، حكم مادر در فرض سرقت هم مطرح مي شود. قانون مجازات اسلامي در بند «ج» ماده 268 و نيز مشهور فقهاي اماميه مادر را ملحق به پدر نمي دانند؛ اما با توجه به استحكام ادله مخالفان اجراي حد بر مادر، ضرورت بررسي دوباره مباني فقهي حكم مادر احساس مي شود. اين مقاله به روش توصيفي- تحليلي ضمن تبيين ادله موافقان و مخالفان اجراي حد بر مادر، به بررسي احتمالات مطرح در ملاك معافيت پدر از حد سرقت و پرداخته است تا امكان الحاق حكم مادر به پدر را روشن سازد. در نظر مشهور، «رابطه ابوت» و در مواردي «واجب النفقه بودن پدر» به عنوان مناط معافيت پدر مطرح شده است كه بر اساس آن الحاق مادر به پدر را نپذيرفته اند؛ اما به نظر مي رسد مي توان «رابطه والديت» را به عنوان ملاك حكم از ادله مزبور استنباط كرد و مادر را نيز مشمول استثنا دانست. همچنين با توجه به مناقشات وارد بر ادله موافقان اجراي حد بر مادر و نيز ادله ارائه شده در مدعاي بحث، نظريه عدم اجراي حد بر مادر تقويت شده است. بر اين اساس، ضرورت بازنگري قانون گذار در بند «ج» ماده 268 ق.م.ا احساس مي شود، هم از جهت معافيت جد پدري و هم از نظر شموليت مادر در اجراي حد سرقت.

In Islamic jurisprudence, the punishment for the crime of stealing generally includes the amputation of a body part. According to this general principle, the father’s stealing of the child's property is an exception that has been made, however, as a consequence, the matter of the mother's sentence is raised in this issue. Although Islamic Punishments Law (Article 268- Paragraph C), and as stated by famous Imams' jurists, the mother is not associated with father; nonetheless, with attention to the strength of the arguments of the opposition to execution of a prescribed punishment on the mother, the necessity to re-examine the respective Islamic jurisprudential principles concerning the mother's sentence, is felt. The present study (conducted using the Descriptive-Analytical Method) has explained the reasons for supporters and opponents, implementation of the mother’s punishment and an investigation of the probabilities in the criterion of the father's exemption from a punishment for stealing, Incorporation of the mother's sentence to father should be clarified as much as possible. In the opinion of the famous jurists "The relationship of paternity" or in some cases" the rule of ‘Father’s entitled to alimony" as the grounds for the criteria for the father’s exemption, therefore they consider any lack of attachment of the mother's sentence to that of the father. But it seems that “Paternal Affiliation” is the basic rule in mentioned reasons and may consider the mother as being subject to it. Furthermore, with reference to the other conflicts against the evidences proposed by the supporters of the rule of the execution of a prescribed punishment on the mother, as well as evidence presented in this paper, the theory of non-enforcement of the punishment of the mother has been strengthened. So, the necessity of reviewing the Islamic Punishments Law, both for the breach of the paternal grandfather and the mother's involvement in the theft of punishment.