سنجش ميزان موفقيت طرح مركز محله آخوند شهر قزوين در ارتقاي سطح امنيت محله، با استناد به رويكرد CPTED

Evaluating the Design of Akhoond District Center in Qazvin; Improving Security Level, Citing CPTED Approach

امنيت، از اساسي‌ترين نيازهاي جامعه بشري براي زندگي اجتماعي در عرصه‌هاي همگاني مي‌باشد. نياز به امنيت، در دومين پله از سلسله مراتب هرم مازلو قرار گرفته ‌است و پس از نيازهاي فيزيولوژيكي، مهم‌ترين نياز انسان براي دست‌يابي به مراتب بالاي انساني يا همان خودشكوفايي مي‌باشد. حضور موثر و مداوم انسان در فضا نيازمند وجود امنيت است؛ بدون امنيت فضاهاي شهري به فضاهايي سرد و بي روح و رعب‌آور تبديل خواهند شد. رويكرد CPTED يكي از رويكردهاي متاخر در افزايش امينت در فضاست. اين رويكرد، روشي براي افزايش امنيت در فضاهاي شهري از طريق طراحي مناسب محيطي پيشنهاد مي‌دهد كه در نتيجه آن مردم مي‌توانند به شكلي موثر و با آسايش خاطر در فضاهاي شهري حضور پيدا كنند. مركز محله آخوند يكي از مهم‌ترين فضاهاي شهري بافت قديم قزوين و نماد هويت اجتماعي و فرهنگي و همچنين عرصه‌اي براي بروز تعاملات اجتماعي ساكنين اين محله با محله‌هاي مجاور بوده است كه در سال 1384 طرحي براي باززنده سازي آن ارائه شد و در سال 1387 مورد بهره‌برداري قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر تلاش مي‌كند تا ميزان امنيت مركز محله آخوند را از طريق اصول رويكرد CPTED، مورد بررسي و ارزيابي قرار دهد. براي سنجش ميزان امنيت فضاي مذكور، روش تحقيق تطبيقي-توصيفي، به كار گرفته شده كه با استناد به اصول رويكرد CPTED و همچنين از طريق مشاهدات ميداني انجام مي‌گيرد تا بدين طريق مشخص گردد طراحي مركز محله آخوند تا چه حد به راهبردهاي CPTED در برقراري امنيت نزديك است. نتايج پژوهش انجام شده نشان مي‌دهد كه طرح احيا مركز محله آخوند به لحاظ تامين امنيت بسيار ضعيف بوده و در اكثر موارد در تغاير با اصول CPTED قرار دارد. بررسي‌هاي انجام شده حاكي از آن است كه اصل نظارت طبيعي كه يكي از اصول رويكرد مذكور در برقراري امنيت است، به هيچ طريقي در بازطراحي محله در نظر گرفته نشده است. در انتهاي مقاله راهكارهايي براي افزايش امنيت مركزمحله ارائه شده است؛ كه از ميان آن‌ها مي‌توان به قرارگيري كاربري‌هاي متناسب با فضاي مركزمحله، جاذب جمعيت، فعال در شب و مختلط در مركزمحله و ... اشاره كرد.

Safety is one of the most fundamental human needs and is a prerequisite for improvement of people’s welfare and health. In Maslow’s pyramid having safety is placed at the second step meaning that after physiological needs, safety is the most important need of human being that causes higher needs to be achieved and on the other hand enables people to attend public spaces. People cannot show up in an urban space without the sense of safety and therefor some dissonance will emerge when a space is vacant of people. The lack of safety is a remarkable reason that makes our public spaces unsuccessful. Thus, safety is essential for social life in public spaces. There are different methods to make a space safe for people but the most important of them are the dispositional approach and positional approach. CPTED is a positional approach effective in increasing safety in a space and aims to prevent the occurrence of crime. This method relies upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal act by designing the space in an effective way. Urban designers and planners can enhance the qualities of social life through appropriate environmental design suggested by CPTED. Akhoond district in Qazvin is an important district because of its history dating back to the Safavid period and even now many people still live there. Therefore, it is very important to investigate this district in terms ofsecurity. The center of Akhoond district is one of the most traditional spaces in Qazvin city and had been a good place for residents of adjacent districts to communicate with each other in past decades. However, currently the majority of its residents believe that insecurity and social disorders are the most serious difficulties of the district which have resulted in an unpleasant sense of place and loss of its social identity. The center of this district was redesigned in 2008 with the purpose of revival and animation[H1] of place, but security levels are still perilous. This paper first explains the concept of safe urban space and then introduces CPTED and its principals, theorists and studies. This is followed by an analysis of cases designed by CPTED principals. Finally, the case study of this paper,_center of Akhoond district, _ is evaluated according to CPTED strategies through a comparative-descriptive method by observing the space and social behaviours and subsequently some solutions are proposed. Research findings show that in designing the mentioned space the matter of safety has not been considered and consequently led to a high number of criminal acts. Hidden corners, inappropriate activities in and around the space and shortage of efficient surveillance are observed. Therefore, the proposed solution omits the spaces that allow criminals to commit crimes in that district. This way people will live in a safe environment and can use the space without fear.