تاثير سولفات آهن بر تعداد كپسول در گره برگ كنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در شرايط مزرعه

The Effect of Foliar Application of Ferrous sulfate on Production of Multicapsule per Leaf node in Sesame Plant (Sesamum indicum L.) under Field Condition

به منظور توليد بيش از يك كپسول در هر گره برگ گياه كنجد، آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشكده علمي كاربردي مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي مشهد در سال 1393 اجرا شد. فاكتور اول شامل: بذر از گره برگ تك كپسول و بذر از گره برگ سه كپسولي و فاكتور دوم سه غلظت سولفات آهن (صفر، 50 و 100ppm) استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد كه وزن تازه و خشك اندام هوايي در بوته هاي حاصل از بذر هايسه كپسولي بيشتر از بوته هاي حاصل از بذر تك كپسولي بود. تعداد كپسول در بوته در تيمار بذر هاي سه كپسولي 2/ عدد بوده كه نسبت به تيمار بذر تك كپسولي حدود هشت درصد تعداد كپسول در بوته بيشتري داشت. اعمال غلظت 100ppm سولفات آهن در بوته هاي حاصل از بذر هاي تك كپسولي بيشترين درصد گره تك كپسولي را داشت، در صورتي كه اعمال غلظت 50ppm سولفات آهن در بوته هاي حاصل از بذر سه كپسولي بيشترين تعداد گره چند كپسولي را داشت. بيشترين وزن تازه و خشك اندام هوايي از اعمال غلظت 50ppm سولفات آهن در بوته هاي حاصل از بذر هاي سه كپسولي به دست آمد. بيشترين وزن دانه در بوته از اعمال 50ppm سولفات آهن در بوته هاي حاصل از بذر هاي سه كپسولي و به مقدار 13/2 گرم در بوته به دست آمد. وزن دانه در بوته با درصد گره چند كپسولي (80٪=r) و وزن خشك اندام هوايي (90٪=r) هم بستگي مثبت و معني داري داشت. به طور كلي نتايج نشان داد كه استفاده از سولفات آهن مي تواند سبب افزايش تعداد كپسول در هر گره برگ شود.

Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to pedaliaceae family and is one of the most important oilseed crops that will grow in relatively dry region. Each leaf node will have one capsule but in some sesame ecotypes the number of capsule per leaf node can increase (Langham and Wiemers, 2002). Factors such as agricultural operations, growing substrates and variety affect yield and harvest index. Iron is one of the main micronutrient that can affect growth and development (Miller et al., 1982). This research was conducted to study the effects of leaf nutrition on the number of capsules per leaf node of sesame. Materials and Methods In order to study the effects of leaf nutrition on the number of capsules per leaf node in sesame plant (sesamum indicum L.), an experimental was conducted at Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Education Center, Iran, 1n 2014. This study was done as a factorial arrangement with two factors, kind of seed and the concentrations of ferrous sulphate on the basis completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was two seed types (one type has been taken from leaf node with three capsules and the other seeds were taken from leaf node with one capsule in sesame plant). The second factor was three concentration of ferrous sulphate (0, 50 and 100 ppm) that applied in %50 vegetation, flowering and capsule phase. Morphological and yield components traits were measured. Data were analyzed with MSTAT-C software and means comparison were done with Duncan multiple range test in 5 percent probability. Results and Discussion The first factor (type of seed) showed significant difference on height, length of branch, fresh and dry shoot weight, dry weight of capsule, number capsules per plant, 1000 seed weight and seed weight per plant. Plants growing from the seeds with three capsules in leaf node (Cap2) had the maximum height with 88.2 cm that was 20% more than plants that growth from seeds with one capsule in leaf node (Cap1). The maximum seed weight per plant also obtained Conclusions The results showed that foliar application of ferrous sulphate can increase the number of capsules per leaf node as using of 50 ppm ferrous sulfate in plants that grow up from seeds with three capsules in leaf node (Cap2) produced the most multiple capsule percent in leaf node. Maximum seed weight per plant with amount 13.2 g.plant-1 was obtained from applying 50 ppm ferrous sulfate in Cap2 plants. Positive and significant correlation was found between seed weight and multiple capsule percent in leaf node (r=0.82**) and with shoot dry weight (r=0.80**). In addition, the results showed that ferrous sulfate can increase the number of capsules per leaf node.