پديد آورندگان :
جوادي، حامد دانشگاه پيام نور - دانشكده علوم كشاورزي , رضواني مقدم، پرويز دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي , ثقه الاسلامي، محمدجواد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد بيرجند - گروه زراعت , موسوي، غلامرضا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد بيرجند - گروه زراعت
كليدواژه :
خرفه , شاخص برداشت , عملكرد دانه , عملكرد علوفه
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور بررسي اثر تراكم و تاريخ كاشت بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد خرفه آزمايشي در سال زراعي91-1390 در بيرجند به صورت كرت هاي خُرد شده در قالب طرح بلوك كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار انجام شد. چهار سطح تاريخ كاشت (15 فروردين، 30 فروردين، 15 ارديبهشت و 30 ارديبهشت) به عنوان فاكتور اصلي و سه سطح تراكم (5/5، 8/3 و 16/6 بوته در متر مربع) به عنوان فاكتور فرعي بودند. نتايج نشان داد كه تاخير در كاشت، باعث كاهش تعداد كپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در كپسول، وزن 1000دانه، عملكرد دانه و عملكرد علوفه تَر گرديد. اثر تراكم بر تمامي صفات مورد مطالعه (به استثناء وزن 1000دانه) معني دار بود و افزايش آن باعث كاهش تعداد كپسول در بوته و تعداد دانه در كپسول و افزايش عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك، شاخص برداشت، عملكرد علوفه تَر و عملكرد علوفه خشك گرديد. اثر متقابل تاريخ كاشت و تراكم بر عملكرد بيولوژيك و عملكرد علوفه خشك معني دار بود. بر اساس نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش جهت دست يابي به حداكثر عملكرد دانه مي توان از تاريخ كاشت 15 فروردين و تراكم 16/6 بوته بر متر مربع استفاده نمود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is one-year and C4 plant of the family Portulacaceae. Purslane is a droughtand salt-tolerant plant, which contains high amounts of beneficial omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins. Make it a prime candidate to form edible landscape in areas with dry conditions and salty soils, which are often present together where land is irrigated. Purslane seeds provide nutritional value, and have beneficial health effect on body specially in preventing cardiovascular, cancer and hypertension (high blood pressure) diseases, because it contains omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and other nutrients such as antioxidants, tocopherols and dietary fibre. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the 2011 growing season at Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Birjand (Latitude: 32°53'N; Longitude: 59°13'E and Elevation above sea level: 1480 m), Iran. Climate in this area is semi-dry to dry (annual rainfall is about 176 mm, maximum and minimum temperature are 39.1 and -17 degrees centigrade, respectively). The soil of the field was Sandy clay loam with pH 8.38 and with an EC of 2.74 m. mohs.cm-1. In this study, the effect of four sowing dates (4 April, 21 April, 5 May and 20 May) and three plant densities (5.5, 8.3 and 16.6 plants m-2) were investigated as main plot and sub plot, respectively in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Each plot was 2.4m×6m with six planting rows. The space between rows, plots and replications was 0.4, 0.8 and 2 m, respectively. The field had been left fallow in the previous year. Sowing was done manually and was wet planting. Irrigation was employed with an interval of 4 days immediately after planting for uniform emergence until establishment of seedlings and after that continued weekly. To achieve the desired density, the seed was planted with high density, then the operation in two stages six and eight-leaf thinning, the density was obtained. According to the results of soil test, 10 dry matter yield obtained from sowing date 15 April and plant density of 16.6 plants m-2 and the lowest, was for sowing date 21 April and plant density of 5.5 plants m-2. Conclusions Sowing date of 4 April and plant density of 16.6 plant m-2 can be recommended to obtain high seed and biomass yield of purslane.
