شيوه‌هاي خاصِ بهره‌گيري عرفي از صُور بلاغي در آفرينش تصويرهاي انتزاعي

Orfi's Specific Methods of Utilizing Rhetorical Forms in Creation of Abstract Images

عرفي شيرازي (999 ـ 963 ه. ق.) كه به «مخترع طرزِ تازه» نيز معروف است و در شكل­ گيري و تكوين سبك هندي نقش بسزايي داشته و از جمله شاعراني است كه هم در خلق مضامين تازه، ابداع تركيبات و تصاوير بديع موفّق عمل كرده و هم مضمون ­آفرينيِ تازۀ خود را با مهارتي خلاقانه و با استفادة منحصربه فرد از صُور خيال و شگردهاي ادبي شكل داده است. تورّقي در ديوان عرفي نمايان گر كثرتِ مضامين و تركيب هاي نويني است كه پيش از وي در شعر ديگر شعرا ديده نشد. عرفي همچنين نخستين شاعري است كه وفورِ تصويرهاي انتزاعي در ديوان او به عنوان يك عامل سبك­ ساز ديده خودنمايي ميكند. دو پرسش اصلي اين جستار كه به شيوﮤ تحليلي-توصيفي و با استفاده از منابع كتابخانه­ يي نگاشته شده است، عبارتند از: 1ـ ابزارها و شيوه­ هاي خاص عرفي براي آفرينش تصويرهاي انتزاعي كدامند؟ 2ـ كدام عنصر ادبي در ديوان عرفي براي آفرينش تصويرهاي انتزاعي برجسته ­تر است؟ در طول متن پژوهش خواهيم ديد كه نكتۀ در خور توجّه در خصوص كنايه­ هايي كه عرفي براي آفرينش تصويرهاي انتزاعي بكار مي گيرد، اين است كه در اين نمونه­ ها كنايه و استعارۀ مكنيه درهم مي­آميزند و در نتيجه، صناعت ادبيِ جديدي به نامِ «كنايۀ استعاري» يا «استعارۀ كنايه» شكل مي گيرد.

Orfi Shirazi (963-999 AH), also known as "the inventor of the new way", has had an important role in the formation and development of Hindi style. He is also one of those poets who has succeeded in creating new content and developing novel compounds and images, and has shaped the new content-formation through creative skills and unique use of imagery and techniques of literary forms. Browsing the collection of his poems (Divan) represents a bulk of common themes and new combinations that have not been found in earlier poets' works. Orfi is also the first poet in whose Divan glares the abundance of abstract images as an agent of the style-maker. Two basic questions of the present analytic-descriptive research employing library resources are: 1. What are Orfi's specific tools and practices for the creation of abstract images? 2. Which literary element in Orfi's Divan is more prominent for the creation of abstract images? The results of this study indicate that Orfi takes advantage of some rhetorical technique to draw the pictures in his mind. The most frequent and important literary figures to which Orfi resorts to create initiative images include simile, metaphor and metonymy. In employing simile, Orfi imagines, visualizes and produces abstractions in addition to reflection of external images. But the essential point in the study of metaphors in Orfi's Divan is his special use of verbal metaphors to the extent that we can say that this art is the most prominent literary element that Orfi employs for the creation of abstract images. Striking about the irony used by Orfi to create abstract images is that irony and implicit metaphor mingle together and as a result, a new literary art called "metaphorical irony" or "ironic metaphor" is formed.