نظريات ساخت واژي هله و اروناف و دستگاه واژگان فارسي

Word Formation Theories of Halle and Aronoff and Persian Lexicon

اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖواژه زاﻳﺸﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺖواژي دو ﺗﻦ از ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎن اﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﻠﻪ و اروﻧﺎف ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه واژﮔﺎن زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﻓﻮق ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﻫﺰار واژه از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻔﺘﺎري و ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎي دو ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮداز ﻓﻮق ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﺳﺘﺪﻻلﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ از ﺣﻀﻮر ﺑﻦﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﻠﻲ در اﺷﺘﻘﺎق، ﺷﻴﻮه اﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﺻﻮات و زاﻳﺎﻳﻲ اﻓﺮاﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از وﻧﺪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻮاردي از زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ در رد ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻜﻮاژ ﺑﻨﻴﺎد ﻫﻠﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ واژه ﺑﻨﻴﺎد اروﻧﺎف ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪاي ﺻﺎﺋﺐﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ واژهﺳﺎزي از دﻳﺪ اروﻧﺎف، ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه واژﮔﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻧﻤﻲدﻫﺪ.

This study aims at analyzing Persian lexicon based on the morpheme-based morphological theory of Halle and the word-based theory of Aronoff. In doing so, the researchers make use of the morphological behavior of some Persian verb roots in derivation, interjections manner of derivation, and the overgenerativeness of some Persian affixes. The results of this study show that the morpheme-based theory of Halle, on the one hand, does not suit Persian lexicon. On the other hand, though more appropriate, the word formation rules of the theory of Aronoff fails to explain some word formation processes in Persian.