پديد آورندگان :
ساجدي، نورعلي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اراك - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , مدني، حميد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اراك , ساجدي، عبدالله دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اراك
كليدواژه :
آبيدر , آذر 2 , زيست توده , ويژگي هاي سنبله
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور بررسي واكنش خصوصيات زراعي گندم و جو به محلول پاشي با منابع و مقادير مختلف سلنيوم، آزمايشي در سه تكرار طي سال زراعي
۱۳۹۳-۱۳۹۴ در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اراك اجرا شد. عوامل آزمايش شامل دو منبع سلنات و سلنيت سديم، در مقادير ۰، ۱۸ و ۳۶ گرم در هكتار و دو گونه گندم و جو بودند. نتايج نشان داد كه طول سنبله بدون ريشك در گندم ۱۰/۴ درصد بيشتر از جو بود ولي طول سنبله با ريشك در جو ۱۱/۲ درصد بيشتر از گندم بود. شاخص برداشت سنبله در جو ۲۱/۷ درصد بيشتر از گندم بود. با محلول پاشي ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنيوم، وزن دانه در سنبله نسبت به شاهد ۴/۹ درصد افزايش يافت. بيشترين وزن دانه در سنبله از محلول پاشي ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنيت سديم حاصل شد. با مصرف ۱۸ و ۳۶ گرم در هكتار سلنيت سديم، وزن دانه در سنبله به ترتيب به ميزان ۱۳/۷ و ۵/۱ درصد افزايش نشان داد. با محلول پاشي ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنيوم عملكرد دانه و عملكرد بيولوژيك به ترتيب ۶ و ۸/۴ درصد افزايش يافت. نتايج نشان داد كه در گندم بيشترين عملكرد بيولوژيك (۵۷۸۴/۶۶ كيلوگرم در هكتار) از مصرف ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنيت سديم حاصل شد. در جو بيشترين عملكرد بيولوژيك (۵۸۸۹/۸۳ كيلوگرم در هكتار) از مصرف ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنات سديم حاصل شد. در گندم بيشترين عملكرد دانه (۱۷۵۷/۴۵ كيلوگرم در هكتار) از محلول پاشي ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنات سديم حاصل شد كه نسبت به شاهد به ميزان ۹ درصد افزايش نشان داد. در گياه جو بيشترين عملكرد دانه از محلول پاشي ۱۸ گرم در هكتار سلنات يا سلنيت سديم حاصل شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Environmental stresses affect growth, metabolism and crops yield. Drought is an important
stress and it decreases crop productivity. Drought stress symptoms vary, depending on intensity and duration of
drought and growth stage of the plant. The first response of plant to drought stress is producing the active
oxygen species (ROS) in cell that these cause injury to membranes and proteins. Selenium (Se) application could
have beneficial effect on growth and stress tolerance of plants by increasing their activity of antioxidants and
reduce the reactive oxygen species over production. Selenium is essential for growth and activities of human and
animals. Absorption and accumulation of selenium in plant depend on chemical compound and concentration of
selenium in soil. Recent studies have demonstrated that Se increases resistance and antioxidant capacity of plants
to various stress. It is reported that selenium application in barley plant no changes the amounts of
malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under water deficit stress. The current paper studies the response of
agronomic traits of wheat and barley to sources and different rates of selenium in rain fed condition.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate response of agronomic traits of wheat and barley to sources
and different rates of selenium in rainfed condition, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on
randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University,
Arak Branch, during 2014-2015. Experimental factors were included selenium sources at two levels, Sodium
selenate and Selenite, Selenium rates at three levels of zero, 18 and 36 g ha-1 and two crop plants of wheat and
barley. The wheat rain fed seed Azar 2 cultivar and Barley cultivar Abidar were hand planted at 15 cm spacing in
6 m rows, with one meter borders between the plots. Foliar application of Se was performed at rate of 18 and 36
g ha-1 at appearance of 5th node of stem or Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 43 and at appearance of 75% florescence
spikelets or Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 57. At harvesting time, one m2 was harvested from the middle of each
plot and the grain and biological yield was evaluated. The data were analyzed SAS software. Means were
compared using Duncan's Multiple Range test at P≤0.05
Results and Discussion: The results showed that, the spike length without awn of wheat was 10.4% more
than barley, but in barley the spike length without awn was 11.2% more than wheat. The spike harvest index in
barley was 21.7% more than wheat. Foliar application of 18 g ha-1 selenium increased the grain weight per spike
by 4.9% compared with control. The maximum grain weight per spike was obtained from foliar application 18 g
ha-1 sodium selenite. Foliar application of 18 and 36 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenite increased the grain weight
per spike by 13.7 and 5.1% compared with control, respectively. Foliar application of 18 g ha-1 Se increased grain
and biological yield by 6 and 8.4% compared with control, respectively. The results showed that, the highest
biological yield (5784kg ha-1) in wheat was obtained in application of 18 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenite
treatment. The highest biological yield (5889 kg ha-1) in barley was record from application of 18 g ha-1 selenium
as sodium selenate. The grain yield of barely was 10% more than wheat in rain fed condition. The highest grain
yield (1757 kg ha-1) in wheat was record from foliar application of 18 g ha-1 sodium selenite that, grain yield
increased by 9% compared with control. In barley, the highest grain yield was obtained in foliar application of
18 g ha-1 sodium selenite or selenite treatments. It is reported that, the foliar application of selenium under stress
conditions was found that increase the antioxidant enzyme activity, consequently reducing oxidative stress and
the free radicals which have a decisive effect on plant cells. Some reports showed that selenium could increase
1 and the tolerance of plants to stressful environments.
Conclusions: In general, it could be concluded that foliar application of 18 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenate
or selenite in stem elongation stage in wheat and barley in rain fed condition was led to obtain optimum grain
and biological yield.
