عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Effect of Fertilizer Resources and Different Irrigation Regimes on Yield, Yield Component, Antioxidant Activity and Calyx Anthocyanin Contents of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Jiroft Area
پديد آورندگان :
پارسامطلق، بهاره دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي , رضواني مقدم، پرويز دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , قرباني، رضا دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , اعظمي ساردويي، ذبيح اله دانشگاه جيرفت - دانشكده كشاورزي
كليدواژه :
زيست توده , كود كاوي , مايكوريزا , ورمي كمپوست
چكيده فارسي :
اين تحقيق با هدف مطالعه تأثير منابع تغذيه اي و سطوح آب آبياري بر عملكرد، اجزاي عملكرد، فعاليت آنتي اكسيداني و ميزان آنتوسيانين كاسبرگ گياه دارويي چاي ترش در دو سال زراعي ۹۲ - ۱۳۹۱ و ۹۳ - ۱۳۹۲ در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه جيرفت، به صورت كرت هاي خرد شده نواري در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار انجام شد. سطوح آب آبياري در سه سطح ۶۰، ۸۰ و ۱۰۰ درصد نياز آبي گياه به عنوان عامل كرت هاي افقي و منبع تغذيه اي گياه در چهار سطح (كود زيستي مايكوريزا، ورمي كمپوست، كود گاوي، كود شيميايي (نيتروژن، فسفر و پتاسيم) و تيمار شاهد به عنوان
عامل كرت هاي عمودي در نظر گرفته شدند. نتايج تجزيه واريانس مركب نشان داد كه اثر منابع تغذيه اي و سطوح آب آبياري بر ارتفاع بوته، طول
سرشاخه گلدار، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن كاسبرگ خشك در بوته، عملكرد كاسبرگ، عملكرد زيست توده، فعاليت آنتي آكسيداني و ميزان آنتوسيانين
كاسبرگ معني دار بود. همچنين اثر متقابل منابع تغذيه اي و سطوح آب آبياري بر عملكرد كاسبرگ و فعاليت آنتي اكسيداني كاسبرگ معني دار بود. بيشترين وزن كاسبرگ خشك در سطح 100 درصد نياز آبي گياه و منبع تغذيه اي كود گاوي و كمترين عملكرد وزن كاسبرگ در تيمار شاهد در سطح
60 درصد نياز آبي گياه به دست آمد. با توجه به اينكه سطوح 100 و 80 درصد نياز آبي گياه در اكثر ويژگي هاي مورد بررسي تفاوت معني داري وجود
نداشتند، به نظر مي رسد كه سطح 80 درصد نياز آبي گياه به ترتيب توأم با مصرف كودهاي دامي، ورمي كمپوست و شيميايي در زراعت چاي ترش مناسب مي باشند
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffa L.) is an annual or biennial plant cultivated for its stem, fiber,
edible calyces, leaves and seeds and belongs to the malvaceae family. Sepals of Roselle have good color and are
potential source of antioxidant compounds, Studies conducted on medicinal plants in natural ecosystems suggest
that using sustainable agricultural system provides the best conditions for the production of these plants, leading
to maximum qualitative and quantitative yield in such conditions. Roselle is one of the plants that needs less
water and is resistant to drought. It can be used as a suitable plant for cultivation in southern areas of Iran that
face water scarcity.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effects of fertilizer resources and different irrigation
regimes on yield, yield components, antioxidant activity and calyx anthocyanin content of Roselle (Hibiscus
sabdariffa L.), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Jiroft University in 2013 and
2014 growing seasons. An experiment was conducted as strip plot based on a randomized complete blocks
design with three replications. Three irrigation regimes (100, 80 and 60% of crop water requirement) were
assigned as horizontal factor and four fertilizer resources (mycorrhiza, vermicompost, cow manure and chemical
fertilizer (NPK)) were allocated as vertical factor. Plant water requirement was calculated by AGWAT software.
Then, treatments of 80 and 60 percentage of water requirement was determined and irrigation water was
recorded in each irrigation period using water meter. The antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content of Roselle
calyx were determined using the method described by Abe et al., (1998) and Wanger (1976), respectively.
Finally, data analysis was done using SAS 12.5 and means were compared by LSD’s multiple range test at 5%
level of probability.
Results and Discussion: Based on two years data combined analysis, the results indicated that fertilizer
resources and irrigation levels had significant effect on plant height, Inflorescence length, number of bolls, boll
dry weight, calyx yield, biomass yield, anioxidant activity and anthocyanin content. Calyx harvest index was not
affected by fertilizer resources and irrigation levels. The interaction effect of fertilizer resources and irrigation
regimes had a significant effect on calyx yield. The evaluation of anthocyanin value at different levels of
irrigation showed that, except for in time of using vermicompost, anthocyanin value at the irrigation level of
60% was higher than irrigation levels of 100 and 80% of plant water requirement in combination with other
different nutrition sources. The highest anthocyanin value was found in the control treatment when it was under
moisture level of 60 percent. It has been stated that flavonoid increased under the water shortage and drought,
leading to production of anthocyanin pigment. In a study conducted on Roselle, it was found that applying biofertilizers
alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers increased carbohydrates and anthocyanin content.
The highest calyx yield (1248 kg ha-1) was obtained at 100% crop water requirement +cow manure treatment and
the lowest calyx yield (510 kg ha-1) was obtained at 60% crop water requirement+ control treatments.
Conclusions: It seems that cow manure and vermicompost can have a positive impact on soil water holding
capacity compared to other sources of fertilizers (mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizer) by increasing soil organic
matter. Although mycorrhiza can have positive effects on plants growth, it seems that under this experiment, air
temperature and low moisture holding capacity and organic matters of soil lead to a reduction in the positive
effects of these soil organisms.
