تحليل ژئوپليتيكي عوامل موثر در نمادسازي فضاهاي جغرافيايي شهر تهران (مطالعه موردي: نمادسازي برج ميلاد)

(Geopolitical Analysis of Effective Factors on the Symbolization of Geographical Spaces of Tehran (Case Study: Symbolization of Milad Tower

نمادها و چشم اندازهاي شهري بازنمايي كننده جريان هاي فضايي سياسي، اجتماعي و اقتصادي غالب در كالبد شهر هستند و عامل و نيروي غالب، شكل دهنده به نماد اصلي شهر خواهد بود. شهر تهران نيز از اين قاعده مستثني نيست. طبق پژوهش صورت گرفته گفتمان نظام سرمايه داري، عوامل اقتصادي و هرچه غربي و مدرن شدن سبك زندگي شهري و تغيير سليقه شهروندان و اهداف سياسي و اجتماعي بازيگران غالب شهري نظير نهاد شهرداري و صدا و سيما نقش اصلي را در تغيير نماد شهري تهران از برج آزادي به برج ميلاد بر عهده داشته اند. برج ميلاد از مزيت قابليت رويت گسترده برخوردار بوده و برآورده كننده نيازهاي تجاري و اقتصادي شهر تهران مي باشد و برج آزادي نيز با موقعيت گره اي عمده و قرار داشتن در كانون تحولات سياسي-اجتماعي تاريخي معاصر جامعه ايران نقش سياسي-اجتماعي پررنگي دارا است و مي توان گفت اين دو در عين بازنمايي كننده شكاف و گسل قدرت و اختلاف طبقاتي در جامعه مكمل نيازهاي نشانهاي و نمادين شهر تهران هستند. روش تحقيق مقاله توصيفي-تحليلي بوده و توصيف و تحليل كاركرد دو نماد آزادي و ميلاد و تحليل گفتمان هاي سياسي-اجتماعي و اقتصادي شهر تهران اساس كار بوده است.

Urban symbols are the most important elements that represent economic, social and political dominant forces in the urban and its changes due to the changes at this forces. The main symbols of the city must to be able to represent and delegate this forces. Otherwise functions gradually are replaced by other symbols or by building the new symbols. As they use the different symbols for the identifying, introducing and repressing itself in different periods. Tehran as a political capital of Iran do not excluded from this rules. So that in the contemporary periods we see the change of symbols in the Tehran from the Azadi tower to the Milad tower. Methodology Methodology of this paper is descriptive -analytic. Data gathering method is based on library, and field findings. Result and Discussion By looking at the list of advantages and shortcoming of Azadi and Milad Towers it can be understood that in terms of the weight of advantages the advantages Azadi tower is more. Comparative Table of shortcomings and Advantage of Milad and Azadi Towers Milad Tower Azadi Tower ShortcomingsAdvantage Objection accessStrategic Visibility Ability Deficiency symptoms of identitynode Function (the main communication center) Inability role in the Socio-political processesNess architectural features Salience of economic performance (one- dimensional)Political and social cognitive functioning AdvantageShortcomings High Visibility (trace function)Lack of visibility Modern functions of Tower (representing the forces of capitalism)Changing attitudes in Tehran people Economic and social transformation Political developments Municipal neglect and Broadcasting Conclusion According to the findings of the research, efforts that for building and institutionalization of Milad tower indirectly have been attempt for representation of economic factors, forces of capitalism system and western lifestyle and change the attitudes of citizens. From other View, these attempts are representing the power cracks and class difference between rich and medium classes of Iran. Azadi tower has been the symbol of attempts of Iran Society for announcement and application of political, social and economic demands and Milad tower becomes the symbol of dominants capital system on the Tehran urban space. But these two towers largely show the shortages of Tehran in having a comprehensive Symbol and in terms of function are the complementary and it worth that they should be iconized in accordance on behalf of two Organizations of Tehran Municipality and Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.