كليدواژه :
مسكن روستايي , شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي , شاخص‌هاي كمي و كيفي , مناطق روستايي , شهرستان رشت
چكيده فارسي :
شاخص‌هاي مسكن مهم‌ترين و كليدي‌ترين ابزار برنامه‌ريزي مسكن مي‌باشد. بررسي شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي مسكن يكي از شيوه‌هاي شناخت ويژگي‌هاي مسكن به شمار مي‌رود كه مي‌توان به كمك آن پارامترهاي مؤثر در امر مسكن را شناخت و هرگونه برنامه‌ريزي و تصميم‌گيري را آسان نمود. هدف اين پژوهش بررسي و ارزيابي وضعيت شاخص‌هاي كمي و كيفي اجتماعي مسكن مناطق روستايي شهرستان رشت مي‌باشد. از اين‌رو پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف كاربردي و ماهيت روش آن توصيفي- تحليلي است كه اطلاعات مورد نياز آن از طريق منابع اسنادي حاصل از نتايج شش دوره سرشماري در طي سال‌هاي 1345 تا 1390 به‌دست‌آمده است. نتايج بررسي و مقايسه شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي مسكن در مناطق روستايي شهرستان رشت طي سال‌هاي 1345 الي1390 نشان مي‌دهد كه از نظر شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي كمي مسكن (تراكم خانوار در واحد مسكوني، تراكم نفر در اتاق، تراكم نفر در واحد مسكوني و توزيع واحدهاي مسكوني برحسب تعداد اتاق و خانوار)، در وضعيت مناسب‌تر و مطلوب‌تري نسبت به گذشته قرار دارد و هم چنين از نظر شاخص‌هاي اجتماعي كيفي (ميانگين سطح زيربناي واحد مسكوني، دوام مصالح ساختماني، مالكيت و نحوه تصرف و امكانات زيرساختي و تسهيلات)، واحدهاي مسكوني روند رو به رشدي را شاهد بوده و بهبود نسبي داشته‌اند اما كماكان مشكلات و كاستي‌هايي نيز وجود دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Housing after food and clothing is the most important requirement of the household. Housing indicators as the main foundation for a comprehensive planning and necessary tool for explaining the various aspects of economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical of housing have a special place in the further understanding of the housing situation. Among the indicators of housing, social indicators are of great importance by which the relationship between man and housing can be assessed. Nowadays, social indicators of housing have such an important role that planners with knowledge of the various aspects related to housing using these indicators plan the policies and accurate strategy for housing issues. The aim of this study is qualitative and quantitative assessment of social housing indicators in rural areas of Rasht county. Some researchers like Amuzade et al. (2014); Nuri (2015); Alavi (2015); Pur Ghaffar & Pur ramezan (2016) analyzed the quantitative and qualitative conditions of housing.
Methodology The methodology used in this study is a combination of descriptive and analytical method. Through analyzing population data, social qualitative and quantitative indicators of housing were used according to the spatial dimension. Since the series data were needed for the research, thus library research methods were used for collecting information. We used data of population and housing censuses years 1967 to 2012 of the rural areas of Rasht County. Results and discussion The results revealed that household density c has been decreased from 1.26 to 1.11 in 1967 to 2012, respectively. Density of persons in residential units that was 6.76 in 1967 reached to 4.11 in 2007 and 3.47 in 2012 which is indicative of the decline of this index in recent years. On the enjoying facilities and infrastructure, housing units in rural areas have seen a growing trend in Rasht County and the majority of the housing units are to take benefit from the facilities. However, some facilities like gas piping and sewerage systems in these areas comprise a small percentage of residential units. These problems should be studied. Also, further planning in this area is necessary. In addition, the use of durable building materials in 2012 has substantially growing than in previous years. The rate of housing units with durable materials in 1967 (0.19 percent) reached to 11.7 percent in 2012. Statistics showed that 89.08 percent of residential units were single-family and 10.05 percent of those were double-family in 2012 which indicate the dominance of single-family units and reduction of collective life. On the other hand, the percentage of housing constructed from flimsy materials significantly has been reduced. These housings have been decreased by 64.6 percent from 1967 to 2012. However, many of housings do not still take benefit from high durable materials. So that, 83.89 percent of housings were constructed from Semi-durable materials in 2012. In terms of ownership of residential property index, arround 80 percent of residents had fully ownership in 2012. Moreover, the rate of the tenants is also reduced compared to previous years by 21.8 percent (29 percent in 1967 and 7.2 percent in 2012) over the studied period, but still there are some problems and shortcomings.
Conclusion The results of analyzing and comparison of social indicators of housing revealed that social quantitative indicators of housing including: household density in residential units, density of persons per room, density of persons in residential units, distribution of housing units and households by number of rooms and households, are more appropriate and more favorable than in the past. Moreover, social qualitative of housing indicators of social indexes, namely, floor area of residential units, durability of construction materials, ownership, way of possessing, infrastructure, and facilities show a growing trend and relative improvement although there are still some problems and deficiencies.
