پديد آورندگان :
پورخباز، حميدرضا دانشگاه صنعتي خاتم الانيياء بهبهان - گروه محيط زيست , اقدر، حسين دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده علوم , محمدياري، فاطمه دانشگاه صنعتي خاتم الانيياء بهبهان
كليدواژه :
آب زيرزميني , شاخص ويلكوكس , روش كريجينگ , نسبت جذب سديم , كاربري كشاورزي
چكيده فارسي :
روش‌هاي ارزيابي كيفيت منابع آب زيرزميني و تشخيص موقعيت‌هاي مناسب براي شرب و استفاده كشاورزي، از مسائل مهم در برنامه‌ريزي منابع آبي است. در تحقيق حاضر، با بهره‌گيري از روش‌هاي زمين آمار، خصوصيات شيميايي آب‌هاي زيرزميني دشت قزوين جهت كاربري كشاورزي مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفته است. بدين منظور 364 نمونه آب زيرزميني برداشت و از لحاظ دو پارامتر هدايت الكتريكي آب (EC)و نسبت جذب سديم (SAR) مورد آناليز شيميايي قرار گرفتند. نيم تغييرنماي تجربي هر يك از پارامترها با استفاده از نرم افزار GS+ محاسبه و مدل‌هاي مختلف برازش داده شد. اين نرم افزار به منظور تهيه نقشه‌هاي پهنه‌بندي با استفاده از داده‌هاي زمين مرجع كاربرد گسترده‌اي پيدا كرده است. سپس به كمك نرم افزار GIS ميانيابي به روش‌هاي كريجينگ و عكس فاصله (IDW) صورت گرفت. نتايج حاصل از روش كريجينگ و IDW به كمك معيار RMSE نشان داد كه روش كريجينگ نسبت به روش ديگر برتري دارد و درونيابي با اين روش صورت گرفت. در نهايت با استفاده از منطق فازي و نمودار ويلكوكس نقشه پهنه بندي منطقه مورد مطالعه جهت كشاورزي تهيه گرديد. با توجه به نقشه نهايي 34 درصد از منطقه براي كشاورزي مناسب، 51 درصد نسبتاً مناسب و 15 درصد نامناسب مي‌باشد، پس مي‌توان گفت كه كيفيت آب منطقه مورد مطالعه براي كشاورزي مطلوب است.
چكيده لاتين :
In most areas of the world, groundwater resources are the most important drinking
water resources and agriculture. Accordance with to the limited groundwater
resources and increasing water needs of human communities, the water supply is
dwindling. The maintenance of the necessary resources and prevent pollution of a
great importance. Focused activities in various sectors and the consequent transfer of
municipal waste, industrial and agricultural the groundwater of the most important
sources of groundwater pollution that is a serious problem in many countries. So
monitoring groundwater quality and prevent contamination of this very valuable and
vital resources necessary to appear. Including a very simple method that can be used
to tell the water quality conditions of water quality indicators the results of numerical
data by combining water quality parameters, for fast and intuitive offers. Study Area
English Abstracts
Qazvin Plain is located at the longitude of 49 degrees, and 9 minutes to 50 degrees 40
minutes east and the latitude of 35 degrees and 55 minutes to 36 degrees and 7
minutes north. This area is 9500 square kilometers. The amount of rainfall in the
highlands of the northern province of Qazvin from 550 mm to 200 mm in the
southeast associated with heterogeneous distribution. The study of water resources
both surface water and ground water formation about 72% of the costs to the
agricultural resources underground water will be provided.
The applied research and data collection was carried out in two forms of library, the
software SPSS17, GS+ 9, Arc GIS 10 and Excel 2014 for research use. To evaluate the
Qazvin Plain water quality in the first phase of the 35 wells between autumn 2012
and spring 2013, 364 samples were taken at random and with good distribution of
SAR (SAR) and EC (electrical conductivity) were chemically analyzed.
To determine the quality of water classified as one of the most classified Wilcox in
this field, has been used. The classification of water based on the amount of electrical
conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) into four groups: excellent, good,
fair or poor (Table 1) and 16 were classified category (Table 2). - Kriging interpolation method
Kriging interpolation method is developed for topical trends that have defined the
data are appropriate. This method with the least variance estimation, the
interpolation and the error rate is a function of the profile of variograms.
- Inverse Distance Weighted method
IDW interpolation method is one of the most common methods of interpolation
points scattered in space Which is based on the assumption that an interpolation of
the impact of a parameter on the surrounding areas are not the same Nearby points
and not more remote areas are less affected and the distance from the source
increases the effect parameter is less.
- Hot Spot Analysis
This analysis suggests that the spatial clustering occurred in what areas, ie clustering
model is a tool for visualization and breadth.
Discussion and Conclusion
Experimental variogram data (variogram} software GS+ was, and the variogram
models were fitted to each of the parameters. Results of the analysis of the
variogram is presented in Table 3. The most suitable model due to the lowest RSS and
R2, respectively. Table 3: experimental semivariogram parameters for each groundwater quality index
Qazvin Variogram models were fitted to Gaussian and linear SAR and EC respectively. The
best models, the software Arc GIS10 each parameter kriging interpolation method
and the method of fuzzy, were standardization. Finally groundwater quality in terms
of agricultural zoning map was prepared according to the method Wilcox .
Conclusions
According to the final map 34% of the area suitable for agriculture, 51% fair and 15%
Unsuitable (Table 4), So we can say that the water quality study area favorable for
agriculture. Based on the zoning map, because of the high plains east of the EC in areas likely to
dissolve limestone and marl formations of minerals and agricultural and urban sewage leak, the increase in the EC can increase the osmotic pressure and reduced
water uptake by plants.
