پديد آورندگان :
آذركيش، محسن دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد زاهدان , حافظ رضازاده، معصومه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي زاهدان - گروه جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي شهري , ميري، غلامرضا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي زاهدان - گروه جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي روستايي
كليدواژه :
اسكان موقت , مديريت بحران , سامانه ي اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS) , منطقه ي دو شهرداري زاهدان
چكيده فارسي :
حوادث طبيعي از جمله سيل و زلزله با توجه به گستردگي و شدت خساراتي كه به ساختمان ها و زيرساخت هاي شهري وارد مي آورند علاوه بر تخريب بخش عمده اي از فضاي شهري منجر به بي خانمان شدن و آسيب هاي جبران ناپذير به جمعيت زياد ساكن در شهرها نيز خواهند شد. از اين رو برنامه ريزي و انتخاب مكان هاي مناسب به منظور اسكان موقت جمعيت آسيب ديده يكي از مهم ترين مسائلي است كه مي بايست همواره مورد توجه برنامه ريزان و دست اندركاران مسئول در حوزه مديريت بحران قرار گيرد. عدم رعايت در اختصاص مكان هاي مناسب و استاندارد به اين امر ممكن است زمينه ساز بروز بحراني به مراتب سنگين تر از حادثه ي اوليه باشد. هدف از انجام اين پژوهش ارائه الگويي مناسب و كاربردي به منظور مكان يابي محل هاي اسكن موقت با استفاده از سامانه ي اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS) و رورش تحليل سلسله مراتبي (AHP)است. در پژوهش حاضر منطقه دو شهرداري زاهدان به عنوان نمونه موردي انتخاب و مكان يابي هاي مورد نظر در سطح اين منطقه انجام شده است. در چارچوب روش تحقيق توصيفي - تحليلي، پس از مشخص شدن معيارهاي موثر در امر مكان يابي محل هاي اسكان موقت، از جمله رعايت فاصله از گسل، مسيل و يا رودخانه، تراكم جمعيتي، رعايت فاصله مناسب از تاسيسات خطرزاي شهري و همچنين نزديك بودن به مراكز خدامت رسان شهري از جمله مراكز درماني و ايستگاه هاي آتش نشاني، با استفاده از تكنيك مقايسه زوجي و نرم افزار اكسپرت چويس، اقدام به وزن دهي آن ها طبق نظر كارشناسان و متخصصان در امر مديريت بحران شد. سپس لايه هاي توليدي هر معيار با توجه به وزن مشخص هر يك، با هم تلفيق شده كه خروجي آن، نقشه پهنه بندي اراضي مناسب و داراي اولويت در منطقه دو شهرداري زاهدان است. نتايج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر نشان مي دهد كه 21 مكان با كاربري هاي فضاهاي سبز، فضاهاي روباز، زمين هاي باير و فضاهاي آموزشي بيش تريامتياز را جهت اجراي عمليات ساكان موقت آسيب ديدگان به خود اختصاص مي دهند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Natural disasters such as flood and earthquake clamage to buildings and
infrastructures urban exert great. In addition to the destruction of a large part of the
urban space, leading to the homeless and irreparable damage to the population in
the cities as well. One of the main issues that should be considered by planners and
managers responsible for crisis management, select a suitable location for the
temporary housing of the communities are damaged due to accidents. Lack of proper
site selection, may lead to a crisis far worse than the primary incident. So, necessity
of planning, and management and suggesting the appropriate methods in housing
temporary or emergency affected population before the crisis is inevitable. The growing trend and increasing urbanization and urban population as a factor in
the high incidence of damage caused by natural disasters in the towns. The zone of
seismicity in Iran are very large, so that approximately 70% of the area of the fault or
in the vicinity of faults and more than 600 of those on the earthquake belt and has
only less than three percent of cities as areas of low risk earthquakes are. Expansion
of communication networks and urban infrastructure on the one hand and noncompliance
with the most elementary safety tips in the construction and program of
urban development on the other, creating a lot of damage in the event of natural
disasters such as floods and earthquakes has provided. Therefore anticipate any a
series of measures that would reduce the vulnerability of cities and urban
communities, the primary requisite that urban planners should make it a
priority. Therefore, provide a temporary environmental damage from natural
disasters mentioned measures are required. The importance of Zahedan, the
provincial capital of Sistan-Baluchestan and communications crossroad of South-East
Iran, and because the concentration of population, capital, economic, exhaustion
physical in most of the old city and because of being in a zone of risk on the other
hand, the necessity and importance of the study and careful planning to minimize
harm human and social demands caused by accidents. Investigate the accident in the
city of Zahedan, the major events that occurred more often in terms of abundance of
accidents and damage than other places and residential areas can be pointed to
earthquakes and floods. Nearest and most effective in the range of fault, the fault is
Zahedan. This fault is less than 10 km distant city in the South East and North West
continues to the north. According to studies carried out in a region, urban runoff
caused by sudden rains much more time to development and urban design. Increased
runoff due to urbanization occurs because the increase in impervious areas, less
water permeates into the ground. Since there is no permanent rivers in the city, only large and several small watercourse in the city in case of rain and surface water
runoff caused by rainfall the responsibility of leading the are entrusted.
Matherials and Methods
Introduction of Study area:
The two municipalities located in the West of the city of Zahedan, the regional
homogeneous middle and upper social strata in which they are resident.From the
north to the streets of Imam Khomeini and enghelab, the East to the streets of
amiralmomenin and the daneshgah of South boulevards Qlnbr and behdasht and
from the West to Shahid Kalantari Street is limited. The purpose of choosing this part
of the city is the brevity of the following features:
-Significant extent region.
-Significant populations living in the area.
- Extensible area.
- Exposure to urban centers where services and facilities.
-A land suitable to devote to target user in this study.
The purpose of this study is to present a model convenient and practical to locate
temporary housing sites using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). After identifying
the factors affecting the locating temporary housing sites, with previous experience
relevant to the investigation and the characteristics of the extracted. Information and
data available to selected and weighting criteria and indicators according to experts
in crisis management and was used in the paired comparison technique and software
(Expert choice).Using the model (AHP) and software (Arc GIS) layers each criterion
according to the specified weight of each one was combined.
Discussion and Conclusion
After determining the criteria, with the help of questionnaires distributed among
experts in crisis management and entering information into the software Expert Choice, the weights of each criterion is determined. By using capabilities available in
the software Arc GIS, raster maps needed preparing and by weights extracted maps
weighted production and then these maps compounded together and the final map
to the total weight of the composition of available maps are produced.
According to calculations and analysis has been done in this study can places marked
as the most suitable sites for temporary housing used in this area. Among these 21's
the highest and first priority and the second priority are 19 other locations. In this
study, nearly 81 percent of proposed location of open spaces, green and educational.
land uses been formed.
Conclusions
According a population of 116,092 people in the city of Zahedan and the per capita
area of 4 square meters per person temporary housing (For this purpose, 3.5 to 4.5
square meters per capita standard that has been considered in this study, 4 square
meters) Total area for the temporary housing of the population is 464,368 square
meters. On this basis 13 locations that the use of green space, bare earth and parking
are with a total area of 208,560 square meters and 9 place with educational land uses
and a total area of 119,973 square meters, all in all space available with area of
328,533 square meters of to give us the present population was not suitable and
should be the second priority area of 140,181 square meters of space have also used
it. This research the region two municipality of Zahedan selected as a case study to
identify the desired location in the region. The results of this study showed that green
spaces, wasteland and open spaces for the operation of temporary housing top rated
to account for victims.
