توسعه ي يك سيستم شبيه سازي عامل - مبنا در عمليات امداد و نجات

Developing an Agent- based simulation system in rescue operation

مدلسازي عامل - مبنا ABM رويكردي نوين جهت توسعه ي ابزارهاي شبيه سازي براي پديده هاي پيچيده در حوزه هاي مختلف از جمله بلاياي طبيعي، مطالعات بيولوژيكي و شرايط امداد و نجات زلزله است. اين مقاله يك سيستم شبيه سازي براي عمليات امداد و نجات با استفاده از سيستم اطلاعات مكاني (GIS)،سيستمهاي چندعاملي (MAS)ومفهـوم هماهنگ سازي براي انتساب پوياي وظايف بين عامل هاي جستجوگر و عامل هاي آزادساز را ارائه مي دهد. هدف اصلي اين مقاله استفاده ازسيستم هاي چندعاملي براي شبيه سازي فعاليت ها، افزايش كـارايي گروه هاي امداد و نجات و ارائه راهكاري جهت يافتن رابطه ي بين تعداد عامل هاي جستجوگر و آزادساز با در نظر گرفتن حداكثر تعداد شهروندان نجات يافته مي باشد. اين سيستم مي تواند براي مديريت و تصميم گيري قبل از زلزله استفاده شود. ارزيابي سيستم توسعه داده شده در قسمتي از منطقه 3 شهر تهران صورت پذيرفت. سيستم پيشنهادي شامل سه بخش است: مدلسازي محيط و گروه هاي كاري با استفاده از GIS، تحليل عمليات جستجو توسط سيستم چندعاملي و بصري سازي نتايج.لذا ابتدا محيط با استفاده از داده هاي مكاني مدلسازي شده و سپس مقدار فضايي كه هر عامل بايد به جست و جو بپردازد براي هر عامل تخصيص داده مي شود. در ادامه هر يك از عامل هاي جستجوگر از الگوريتم كلوني مورچگان براي ترتيب دهي وظايف خود در جهت يافتن راه حلي نزديك به بهينه براي جستجوي فضاي مطالعاتي استفاده مي برند. سپس مجروحين پيداشده توسط عامل ها جست و جوگر، با استفاده از قرارداد شبكه به عامل هاي آزادساز تخصيص داده مي شوند. نتيجه ي اين تحقيق در قالب نموداري كه رابطه ي تعداد عامل هاي جستجوگر و عامل هاي آزادساز (با توجه به تعداد افراد نجات يافته، در صورت هماهنگي عامل ها) را نشان مي دهد ارائه شده است. نتيجه ي حاصل الگويي در يافتن تعداد افراد مورد نياز براي عمليات امداد و نجات در بخش هاي مختلف شهري و برقراري تعادل بين تعداد نفرات را ارائه مي دهد.

Introduction: Disasters such as earthquakes always been a serious threat to human life in urban environments. Peoples has always sought to reduce the financial and human damage is caused by such disasters. Large scale earthquakes and rapid changes in the environment makes the people unable to deliver the optimal solution to save lives and minimize damage.The earthquake has destroyed streets، roads and other infrastructures، alsomakes fire. Fires which is started by earthquake destroys homes in the city.During different period of time، earthquake damage on Iranian society in social and economic fields is clear، therefore، dealing with the crisis in the form of a proper management and optimization is absolutely necessary.Always complicates access to the earthquake-stricken areas، is along with the difficulty of the rescue operation.Management structures can only overcome the prevailing political situation in these difficult circumstances that the acceptable level of cohesion and flexibility are paramount.The importance of intelligent systems that can help rescue the human species that kills more people will be saved، is clear. Materials & Methods: Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a new approach to development of simulation tools for complex phenomena in different areas such as natural disasters، biological studies، and with earthquake rescue. This paper presents a simulation system for the search and rescue (SAR) operation using Geospatial Information System (GIS)، multi-agent systems (MAS) and the concept of integration for dynamic task allocation. Due to the flexibility of the agent based systems and the possibility of combining space and time، MASs can be a powerful tool in the simulation of rescue operations and strategic management issues. These systems can simulate all factors in earthquakes such as people، robots، helicopters، and vehicles to communicate and cooperate with each other due to solve the distributed problems. In several studies، the high capability of using agent-based modeling structures to model human behavior as a part of an environment due to coordinate the rescue operation is referenced.The use of the base agent-based modeling and the possibility of combining flexibility with respect to location and time of the simulation can be a powerful tool in their search and rescue operations and strategic management issues.There are many reasons to use multi-agent systems to manage the crisis.Multi agents systems makes it possible to simulate the demolition of buildings and homes، the fire، firefighters activities، urban infrastructure damage، injured and displaced، and the victims، so they can find optimal strategies for search and rescue operations in large-scale accidents and crisis management performance multi-factor systems used.Multi-agent systems are allowed to participate inenvironment to cooperate or compete environment. Multi-agent systems are targeted complex systems with an emphasis on the interaction between agents. They can breakcomplex systems into sub-systems and other simple factors in environments. Various studies have stated that MASspossess high potentials for natural disasters management، from rescue operation to understandthe position of injured persons. The main objective of this paper is to use multi-agent systems to simulation activities، increasing efficiency of rescue groups. This research tries to offer a way to find relationship between the number of search agents and rescue agents with regard to the maximum number of surviving people. This system can be used for management and decision-making before the earthquake. Results & Discussion: Evaluation of developed system، took place in part of Region 3 in Tehran. The proposed system consists of three parts: 1) modeling environment and working groups with the use of GIS، analysis of the search operation by multi-factor system and visualization of results. Therefore، environment has been modeled using spatial data and the amount of space that each agent must search، is assigned for each agent. 2) Then، each of the search agents use ant colony algorithm for sequencing tasks in order to find a near-optimal solutions to look for environment. 3) The injuries that are found by search agents، are assigned to rescue agents by contract net protocol and operation is executed. Conclusion: Result of this research is showed in the form of a diagram which highlights relationship between the number of search agents and release agents (according to the number of survivors، and when coordination is done). The result offers a model in finding the number of people needed for rescue operations in different parts of the city.