مكان يابي صنايع با استفاده از AHP در محيط ساج مطالعه موردي: استان خوزستان

Industry positioning using AHP in GIS Case study: Khuzestan Province

مكان يابي مناطق صنعتي با در نظر گرفتن پيامدهاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي و زيست محيطي، يك فاكتور كليدي در برنامه ريزي هاي منطقه اي مي باشد. مكان مناسب براي استقرار صنايع به دامنه وسيعي از معيارها توجه داشته و فوايد اقتصادي و اجتماعي را با پايداري زيست محيطي هماهنگ و همراه مي نمايد. اين تحقيق از نوع كاربردي است كه با روش تصميم گيري چندمعياره در محيط سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي انجام مي شود. لايه هاي اطلاعاتي مورد استفاده در اين تحقيق مشتمل بر لايه هاي بارش، سرعت باد، خاك، كاربري اراضي، ارتفاع، شبكه آبراهه، مناطق حفاظت شده،مراكز صنعتي، شبكه راه ها و شهرها مي باشد. در اين تحقيق براي مكان يابي مناطق مناسب جهت احداث صنايع از معيارهاي اقليم، عوامل طبيعي، عوامل زيست محيطي و عوامل اقتصادي- اجتماعي استفاده و پسازتعيينفاكتورهاي موثردر مكان يابي صنايع؛ با انجام مدل سازي و تجزيه و تحليل داده هاي فضايي به كمك نرم افزار GIS به تهيه نقشه هاي فاكتورهاي موثر در مكان يابي صنايع پرداخته شد. پس از وزن دهي لايه ها بر اساس مدل AHP،و بهره گيري از نرم افزار EC2000، از قابليت هاي نرم افزار GIS به منظور تلفيق و هم پوشاني نقشه ها استفاده شد، و در نهايت نقشه مكان يابي صنايع تهيه گرديد. نتايجپژوهش نشانمي دهدكه مناطق مجاز جهت مكان يابي صنايع در طبقه عالي، با مساحتي بالغ بر ۱۵۶۶۹۷۳/۵هكتار از اراضي منطقه مطالعاتي رابه خوداختصاصداده،اينمناطقاكثراًدر قسمت جنوبي، جنوب غربي، شمالي، غرب و شرق و مركز استان خوزستانقرار دارند.

Introduction: In recent years، studies of positioning the industry as a key element in the success and survival of the industrial centers. Studies of industrial location both nationally and internationally highly regarded in the world. The identification of targets and methods for solving problems locating، is of great importance. Location of industries reduce costs and successfully used industrial units. Studies done just right location، in addition to the economic impact on the performance of industrial، social، environmental، cultural and economic area will be constructed. The regional characteristics as well as key factors in determining where the problems are located. The location of manufacturing facilities is one of the key steps is because of this decision appears in the long term and their effects on the economy، environment، social issues، etc. will show. Materials & Methods: This research is an applied method of decision-making criteria is it done in the GIS environment. According to experts، the main criteria، including criteria of climate، natural factors، environmental factors and socio-economic factors are identified and sub-criteria and options for each criteria. After determining the required criteria and parameters and limits، hierarchical graph criteria were made. The test for pairwise comparison matrices criteria are compared and the weight of each criterion relative to other criteria، depending on the priority assigned to that criterion. Scoring based on expert opinion through a questionnaire applied by relevant experts. After completing the matrix of paired comparison، trees criteria in the application EC2000 is made، then the scores applied to software EC2000 and the relative weight and final weight (Overall) Priority each criterion that the sum of criteria and sub-criteria in weight options are obtained، were obtained. After calculating weight based on AHP model and provide the information layer، the software functionality was used GIS to integrate and overlay maps، and the industry was prepared location map. Results & Discussion: The aim of this study was to locate industries in the province with an emphasis on environmental conditions، natural and human. The purpose of determining the criteria for site selection، standardization، weighting and finally a combination of the following criteria. After determining factors in locating industries and their role in locating، and modeling and analysis of spatial data in GIS mapping software industries were locating factors. The weighted effective layers in the localization industry model based on AHP، Features of GIS to integrate and overlay maps were used and the map of the location of industries. The resulting map of the importance of the fourth class (low range، mid-range، good range and excellent range) was classified. First class (low range) represents the most inappropriate places for the industry is 607،661.5 hectares (10 percent) of the land area is accounted for. The Major areas unsuitable for the industry in the privacy of protected areas، flood-prone or privacy cities. The second floor or the mid-range of the total area of 1666313 hectares، or 26 percent of the total area allocated to Permitted to locate industries in class IV (the highest)، with an area of over 1،566،973.5 hectares of area studies devoted to these areas، mostly in the South، Southwest، North، West and East and the provincial capital of Khuzestan have. It is recommended: 1. to evaluate the MCDM other methods for locating the industry in the study area should be used. 2. According to the environmental crisis and the need to harness the establishment of industries in the province of Khuzestan، it is recommended that industries are deployed in industries with low pollution.3. In order to enhance the accuracy of suitable sites for the establishment of industries، more accurate base maps must be provided by the respective agencies. 4. The use of geographical information system for locating industries will be achieved once the required location data and descriptive accuracy are required. It is necessary to manage the location of the zones studied، spatial database that city (location) are met، all maps، statistics and other descriptive information seamlessly stored and made available to all municipal managers to decide is the right decision. Conclusion: Industries locate in Khuzestan province، the most appropriate place for the establishment of industries in the South، Southwest، North، West and East and Central became known. The optimal areas for the construction industry were identified in different cities. These areas have been determined by taking into account a series of factors، which divides the space into different layers of information in the model were analyzed. The accuracy of the information greatly affects precision basic information and selection criteria which are used in various stages of research. Major areas unsuitable for the industry in the privacy of protected areas، flood-prone or privacy cities. the findings of this study، the ability of geographic information systems (GIS) in environmental modeling and planning help and combining quantitative and qualitative criteria with different scales show. According to the capabilities of these systems in spatial data modeling have generalized information، build new models and test different methods respectively. Using AHP model and according to different parts of the region were able to prioritize the construction industry. This dramatically help planners to better decisions to be based on spatial data. Of course، what criteria should be used more and more accurate، better results can be expected.